“犬儒主义”(Cynicism)是个外来词,中文里本来没有现成的对应词汇,通常将它理解为讥诮嘲讽、愤世嫉俗、玩世不恭。犬儒主义作为一个学派,它源自古希腊;作为一个概念,它历经二千多年的历史沿革,其含义也经历了发展和变化的过程。我们简单地将这一变迁过程概括为“从愤世嫉俗的清高到玩世不恭的认同”。正如斯洛文尼亚籍学者齐泽克认为,不论是在 Cynicism is a loan word. There is no ready-made counterpart in Chinese, which is often understood as cynicism, cynicism, and cynicism. As a school of thought, cynicism originated in ancient Greece. As a concept, it has undergone more than two thousand years of historical evolution and its meaning has undergone a process of development and change. We simply summarize this process of change as “cynical ascension to cynicism.” As Zizek, a Slovenian scholar, believes, no matter at