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目的:研究经计算机控制的Ishihara测试法诊断色盲的可靠性及其与经典Ishihara测试法的一致性,计算机控制的Ishihara测试法的敏感性与特异性;并探讨该测试方法在检测先天性色盲或色弱中的潜在价值。方法:用两种方法测试104名大学生的色觉,年龄20～23岁(中位数21岁)。分别采用经计算机控制的Ishihara色板和经典的Ishihara打印色板显露法对个体色觉进行检查。通过上述两种不同的方法评价每个学生对颜色的感知能力,借此探讨计算机控制的Ishihara测试法的特异性,准确性以及与经典法的一致性。结果:本实验共检测到6位男性色盲患者和1位女性色盲患者。调查该女性学生的家族史,发现其母亲为色盲基因携带者,而其父亲为色盲患者。本实验中男性色盲患病率为13.6%(6/44),女性为1.7%(1/60);整个人群总的患病率为6.7%(7/104)。进行本试验前,这些学生并未意识到自己存在色觉功能缺陷。为探讨这两种方法的一致性,分别对色觉正常和患色盲的学生的测试结果进行比较。结果表明:两种实验方法的特异性及敏感性均为100%,一致性达到100%。结论:计算机控制的Ishihara测试法是数字调控性的,但有关色觉测试的基本概念没有改变。该法总的测试时间和误差计分都已标准化,与手动测试法相比有明显的优势;而且该法与被认为是“金标准”的经典测试法的一致性达到100%。这些特征表明,计算机控制的Ishihara测试法是一种新颖和可靠的方法。
OBJECTIVE: To study the reliability of the computer-controlled Ishihara test to diagnose color blindness and its consistency with the classic Ishihara test, the sensitivity and specificity of the computer-controlled Ishihara test, and to explore the diagnostic value of this test in detecting congenital color blindness or The potential value of color weakness. Methods: Totally 104 college students were tested for color vision using two methods, aged 20-23 years (median 21 years). The individual color vision was examined using the computer-controlled Ishihara swatch and the classic Ishihara print swatch revealing method. Each of the students was assessed for their ability to perceive colors by these two different approaches to explore the specificity, accuracy, and consistency of the computer-controlled Ishihara test. Results: Six male patients with color blindness and one female with color blindness were detected in this study. Investigating the family history of the female student found that her mother was a carrier of color-blind genes while her father was a color-blind patient. The prevalence of color-blind men in this study was 13.6% (6/44) in men and 1.7% (1/60) in women; the overall prevalence was 6.7% (7/104) in the entire population. Before conducting this experiment, these students did not realize that they had defects in color vision function. To explore the consistency of these two methods, the test results of students with normal color vision and color blindness were compared respectively. The results show that the specificity and sensitivity of the two experimental methods are 100%, 100% consistency. Conclusion: The computer controlled Ishihara test is numerically controlled, but the basic concept of color vision testing has not changed. The total test time and error score of the method have been standardized, which has obvious advantages over the manual test method, and the method is 100% consistent with the classical test method which is considered as the “gold standard”. These characteristics show that the computer-controlled Ishihara test is a novel and reliable method.