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目的对宜春市2012年狂犬病门诊暴露人群监测结果进行分析,为制定狂犬病防控措施提供参考。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对宜春市2012年1-12月狂犬病暴露者的暴露及预防处置情况进行分析。结果 2012年宜春市共报告狂犬病暴露病例28 220例,暴露率为498.48/10万。夏季为病例暴露高峰;男性多于女性;病例以15岁以下青少年为主,占总数的48.64%;病例职业以学龄前儿童居多,占总数的21.36%;伤人动物主要为犬,占83.54%;暴露程度Ⅰ级4.81%、Ⅱ级60.70%、Ⅲ级34.49%;暴露人群狂犬疫苗全程接种率为92.98%,Ⅲ级暴露被动免疫制剂使用率为64.79%。结论宜春市狂犬病暴露人群预防处置依从性有待提高;犬只免疫率低下。今后应加强犬类管理,提高犬免疫率,加大狂犬病防治知识的宣传力度,提高狂犬病暴露人群及时、规范处置率。
Objective To analyze the surveillance results of crowd exposure in rabies outpatients in Yichun in 2012 and provide reference for the development of rabies prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the exposure and prevention of rabies exposed from January to December in Yichun in 2012. Results A total of 28 220 cases of rabies exposure were reported in Yichun in 2012 with an exposure rate of 498.48 / 100 000. Summer peaked in cases; more males than females; cases were mainly adolescents under 15 years old, accounting for 48.64% of the total; cases accounted for 21.36% of the total number of preschool children; dogs were mainly females accounting for 83.54% The level of exposure was 4.81% in grade Ⅰ, 60.70% in grade Ⅱ and 34.49% in grade Ⅲ. The whole vaccination rate of rabies vaccine in exposed population was 92.98%, and the rate of passive immunization in grade Ⅲ exposure was 64.79%. Conclusion The adherence to prevention and treatment of rabies exposed in Yichun should be improved; the immunization rate in dogs is low. In the future, we should strengthen the management of dogs, raise the immunization rate of dogs, intensify the propaganda of rabies prevention and control knowledge, and improve the exposure of rabies patients in a timely manner and standardize the disposal rate.