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目的分析江阴市狂犬病门诊监测点暴露人群流行病学特征及暴露后处置现状。方法收集江阴市狂犬病门诊暴露人群监测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2012年江阴市共报告狂犬病暴露者19 649例,全年均有暴露者,主要集中在4—10月,占总暴露人数的70.42%(13 836/19 649);男性9 862例,女性9 787例,男女性别比为1.01∶1。暴露人群主要集中在16~45岁年龄组,共7 795例,占总暴露人数的39.67%;暴露人群中城市3 903例,暴露率为0.36%,农村15 746例,暴露率为1.41%,农村高于城市(P<0.01)。犬致伤者共15 128例,占76.99%;四肢暴露人数占总暴露人数的94.46%(18 560/19 649)。被动物咬、抓伤后92.38%(18 152/19 649)的暴露者均不能先自行正确处理伤口,99.72%(19 594/19 649)的暴露者能全程接种狂犬疫苗。结论江阴市狂犬病暴露主要发生在4—10月份,以四肢暴露为主,应加强全民动物致伤防护的健康教育,增强防范意识,做到暴露后及时处理伤口、接种狂犬疫苗。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of post-exposure rabies in Jiangyin rabies clinic and the status of post-exposure treatment. Methods The surveillance data of outpatients exposed to rabies in Jiangyin were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results In 2012, a total of 19 649 rabies-exposed cases were reported in Jiangyin City, with annual exposures, mainly from April to October, accounting for 70.42% of total exposures (13 836/19 649); 9 862 males 9 787 cases, male to female ratio was 1.01: 1. The exposed population was mainly in the age group of 16-45 years, with a total of 7 795 cases, accounting for 39.67% of the total. Among the 3 903 urban residents exposed, the exposure rate was 0.36%, and 15 746 rural residents were exposed, with an exposure rate of 1.41% Rural areas were higher than cities (P <0.01). A total of 15 128 dogs were injured, accounting for 76.99% of all cases; the number of extremities exposed accounted for 94.46% of the total (18 560/19 649). 92.38% (18 152/19 649) of the exposed persons who were bitten and caught by the animals were not able to correctly handle the wounds themselves. 99.72% (19 594/19 649) of the exposed persons were able to vaccinate rabies vaccines throughout the journey. Conclusion The incidence of rabies in Jiangyin mainly occurred from April to October. Exposed to the limbs, health education should be strengthened to prevent all animal-borne injuries and enhance awareness of prevention. After the exposure, rabies vaccines should be treated in time.