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神经丝(neurofilament,NF)蛋白质是神经元细胞骨架的主要成分,由低(68kDa)、中(160 kDa)和高(200 kDa)分子量的三种亚基聚合而成,在维持细胞骨架、稳定细胞形态和轴突转运方面均有十分重要意义。NF蛋白质存在两个非常重要的翻译后修饰——磷酸化和O位N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(O-linked N-acetylglucosamine,O-GlcNAc)糖基化。由于它们修饰同一蛋白质的相同或邻近丝氨酸和苏氨酸羟基,因此磷酸化和糖基化修饰可能存在着竞争性调节,在神经退行性变性疾病如阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症和进行性肌肉萎缩症等发病机制中可能起十分重要的作用。
Neurofilament (NF) protein is the main component of neuronal cytoskeleton, which is composed of three subunits of low (68 kDa), medium (160 kDa) and high (200 kDa) Cell morphology and axonal transport are very important. There are two very important post-translational modifications of NF protein, phosphorylation and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation. Because they modify the same or adjacent serine and threonine hydroxyl groups of the same protein, there may be a competitive regulation of phosphorylation and glycosylation modifications in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Sclerosis and progressive muscular dystrophy and other pathogenesis may play a very important role.