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中学课本中有关电解质的定义这样陈述:“凡是在水溶液里或熔化的状态下能够导电的化合物叫做电解质。”(初中课本P169页)这个定义中包含两个必要条件:1.电解质必须是化合物。2.该化合物必须在水溶液里或熔化状态下能够导电。本人通过几年来教学实践,认为此种说法漏洞很多,若按上述定义类推下去,有些是电解质的化合物就会变成非电解质,而有些是非电解质的化合物反倒变成了电解质。结果造成了电解质概念的似是而非,混淆不清的局面。教师普遍反映不好教,学生也普遍反映难以掌握。现仅举两例予以说明。
The definition of electrolytes in middle school textbooks states: “A compound that conducts electricity in an aqueous solution or in a molten state is called an electrolyte.” (p. 169 of junior high school textbooks) This definition contains two essential conditions: 1. The electrolyte must be a compound. 2. The compound must be conductive in aqueous solution or in a molten state. After several years of teaching practice, I believe that there are many loopholes in this argument. If the analogy is defined above, some compounds that are electrolytes will become non-electrolytes and some compounds that are non-electrolytes will become electrolytes. The result was a plausible and ambiguous situation with the electrolyte concept. Teachers generally report that they are not good at teaching, and students generally also find it difficult to master. Only two examples will be given.