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针对单颗卫星对空间非合作目标测距不能估计全部相对运动状态的问题,提出利用编队中多颗卫星同时测距相对导航。建立了相对运动状态估计的系统模型;推导了系统可观测矩阵;通过计算系统可观测度和采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)对目标相对运动状态进行估计,研究了观测矢量方向和数量与相对导航精度的关系。结果表明双星测距能估计全部相对运动状态,观测矢量夹角越大,相对导航精度越高,在编队尺寸远小于目标距离的前提下,多于两颗的卫星测距并不能明显提高相对导航精度。
Aiming at the problem that a single satellite can not estimate the total relative motion state of space non-cooperative target ranging, it is proposed that the use of multi-satellites in formation should be used for ranging and relative navigation at the same time. The system model of relative motion state estimation was established. The observability matrix of the system was deduced. The system observability was calculated and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was used to estimate the relative motion of the target. The relationship between the direction and quantity of the observed vector, The relationship between navigation accuracy. The results show that all the relative motion states can be estimated by binocular distance measurement. The larger the included angle of the observational vector is, the higher the relative navigation precision is. In case the formation size is much smaller than the target distance, more than two satellite ranging can not obviously improve the relative navigation Accuracy.