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以中棉12、中棉11、陕6115、PD6520和PD111,5个陆地棉品种为亲本,采用完全双到杂交方法4对10个经济性状进行遗传研究的结果表明:①单株成铃数、单铃子棉重、单株子棉产量、衣分率、单株皮棉产量、纤维强度和断裂长度等7个性状的一般配合力方差明显高于其特殊配合力方差;绒长、纤维细度和成熟度3性状的特殊配合力方差较其一般配合力方差为高;②一般配合力偏高的性状,反映了基因的加性效应占的比重较大,可有效的向后代遗传传递;特殊配合力偏高的性状,反映出基因的非加性效应所占比重较大,向后代遗传传递能力较小;③衣分率、单纤维强度和断裂长度3性状的狭义遗传力较高,绒长和单株皮棉产量两性状的遗传力中等;单株成铃数、铃重、单株子棉产量、纤维细度和成熟度等5性状的遗传力较低。
The results of genetic studies on 10 economic traits by using full two-way hybridization method in four cotton cultivars of G. hirsutum, including Zhongmian 12, Zhongmian 11, Shaanxi 6115, PD6520 and PD111, showed that: ① The number of bolls per plant, The results showed that the variance of general combining ability of seven characters including cotton boll weight per plant, yield of cotton seed per plant, lint percentage, lint yield per plant, fiber strength and breaking length were significantly higher than those of its special combining ability. The fluff length, fiber fineness And the variance of special combining ability of maturity 3 trait was higher than the variance of its general combining ability. (2) The trait of higher combining ability, which reflected that gene additive effect accounted for a larger proportion, could be effectively transmitted to the offspring. Higher traits of combining ability showed that the gene’s non-additive effect accounted for a larger proportion and the ability of gene transfer to the offspring was smaller. ③ The narrow heritability of the rate of lint percentage, single fiber strength and length of rupture 3 were high, The heritability of two traits of long and single lint yield was medium. The heritability of boll number, boll weight per plant, cotton yield per plant, fiber fineness and maturity were lower.