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应用Ｈａｌｄａｎｅ和Ｓｍｉｔｈ法，对１０５例双相、９４例单相躁狂症及３５例抑郁症进行父母育龄和胎次效应的比较研究．结果表明这三种情感障碍均有父母育龄和胎次的效应，但是双相及单相躁狂症与抑郁症的效应不同，初步提示情感性障碍的亚型间有遗传的异质性。
Haldane and Smith were used to compare the reproductive age and parity among 105 bipolar patients, 94 single-phase mania patients and 35 depression patients. The results showed that these three kinds of affective disorders have parental effects of childbearing age and parity, but bipolar and single-phase mania and depression have different effects, suggesting that the subtypes of affective disorders have genetic heterogeneity.