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目的描述1985—2014年太原市汉族学生身体形态、生理功能和身体素质的变化特点,为太原市学生生长发育提供科学依据。方法利用1985年、1995年、2005年、2014年全国学生体质健康调研数据中太原市资料,对7~18岁汉族学生体质健康状况进行比较分析。结果力量素质、柔韧性均提高。女生除柔韧性优于男生,其余项目男生均优于女生。1985—2014年太原市学生形态指标有不同程度的增长。男、女身高增长分别为8.9、6.5 cm,体质量增长分别为12.0、8.7 kg,胸围增长分别为5.8、6.7 cm。男生肺活量略有上升,平均上升72.7 m L,女生肺活量明显下降,平均下降159.6 m L,速度素质男生总体下降、女生各组均下降,耐力素质明显下降,但上述下降指标趋势得到了初步遏止,2005—2014年均提高且优于1995—2005年。结论 7~18岁太原市学生女生生理功能及男女生的耐力素质和速度素质指标明显下降。应针对学生生理功能和部分身体素质指标下降的特点,采取干预措施,增强学生体质。
Objective To describe the changes of body shape, physiological function and physical fitness of Han students in Taiyuan from 1985 to 2014 to provide a scientific basis for the growth and development of Taiyuan students. Methods The data of Taiyuan city from 1985 to 1995, 2005 and 2014 were used to analyze the constitutional health of Han students aged 7-18 years. The results of strength, flexibility are improved. In addition to the flexibility of girls than boys, the rest of the boys are better than girls. From 1985 to 2014, Taiyuan students’ morphological indicators have different degrees of growth. Male and female height growth were 8.9,6.5 cm, body mass growth were 12.0,8.7 kg, respectively, chest growth were 5.8,6.7 cm. The lung capacity of boys increased slightly, with an average increase of 72.7 m L. The girls’ vital capacity decreased significantly, with an average drop of 159.6 m L. The overall quality of boys and girls decreased, while the quality of endurance decreased significantly. However, 2005-2014 both improved and better than 1995-2005. Conclusion The physiological function of female students in Taiyuan from 7 to 18 years old and the endurance quality and speed quality index of male and female students decreased obviously. Should focus on the physiological function of students and part of the physical fitness indicators of decline, to take interventions to enhance students’ physique.