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用15%(质量分数,下同)的盐酸处理凹凸棒石制备了棒状活性二氧化硅,用硅烷偶联剂对活性二氧化硅进行了有机改性。用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和Fourier红外光谱仪分别对凹凸棒石及其酸溶产物、改性后的二氧化硅进行了分析。将得到的改性二氧化硅应用到橡胶补强中.并对橡胶力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:酸处理使凹凸棒表面出现纳米孔结构。有机改性后的活性二氧化硅表面存在硅烷偶联剂,它们之间通过化学链结合。硅烷偶联剂最佳用量为二氧化硅的4%～6%。改性活性二氧化硅与天然橡胶之比为4:10时,综合补强效果最好。其补强效果优于轻质碳酸钙和直接改性的凹凸棒石。除断裂伸长率外,改性活性二氧化硅的其他补强效果都优于白炭黑,且各项指标均与炭黑相接近,综合比较说明活性二氧化硅具有较好的补强效果。
The attapulgite was treated with 15% (mass fraction, the same below) hydrochloric acid to prepare a rod-shaped active silica, and the active silica was organically modified with a silane coupling agent. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier infrared spectroscopy were respectively used to analyze attapulgite and its acid-soluble products and modified silica. The obtained modified silica was applied to the rubber reinforcement, and the rubber mechanical properties were tested. The results show that the acid treatment causes the nanoporous structure on the surface of attapulgite. There is a silane coupling agent on the surface of the organically modified active silica, which is bound by a chemical chain. The best dosage of silane coupling agent is 4% ~ 6% of silicon dioxide. Modified active silica and natural rubber ratio of 4:10, the best overall reinforcement effect. The reinforcing effect is better than light calcium carbonate and direct modified attapulgite. In addition to the elongation at break, the other reinforcing effects of the modified active silica are better than silica, and all the indicators are close to the carbon black, a comprehensive comparison shows that activated silica has better reinforcing effect .