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目的了解新疆克拉玛依市近三年5岁以下儿童贫血患病状况,为本地区儿童保健工作提供科学依据。方法统计2013—2015年在克拉玛依市14个社区服务中心儿童保健门诊3岁以下散居儿童及42家幼儿园5岁以下聚居儿童血红蛋白检测结果,按年度、年龄和户籍分组进行分析。结果检测51 869名5岁以下儿童血红蛋白,贫血和中重度贫血患病率分别为8.0%和3.3‰,散居与聚居儿童贫血患病率分别14.0%和2.1%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=2 490.2,P<0.05);3年间贫血患病率明显下降(χ~2=163.7,P<0.05),其中散居儿童贫血患病率下降明显(χ~2=172.6,P<0.05),聚居儿童贫血患病率略有上升(χ~2=5.3,P>0.05);散居户籍与流动儿童贫血患病率分别为13.5%和15.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=18.4,P<0.05),聚居户籍与流动儿童贫血患病率分别为2.0%和2.3%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.4,P>0.05);男性与女性贫血患病率分别为8.5%和7.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=21.9,P<0.05);汉族和少数民族儿童贫血患病率分别为7.1%和10.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=151.2,P<0.05)。结论 2013—2015年克拉玛依市5岁以下儿童贫血患病率呈明显下降趋势,患病状况得到改善;为保障儿童的健康成长,应多部门合作,开展多层次、多方式的健康教育,采取有针对性的综合干预措施,提高3岁以下儿童系统管理率,尤其是流动儿童的健康管理率。
Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia among children under 5 in recent three years in Karamay, Xinjiang and to provide a scientific basis for child health care in this area. Methods Statistics HCH test results of 14 community service centers in Karamay from 2013 to 2015 in children’s health clinics for children under 3 years of age and 42 children in kindergartens under 5 years old were analyzed by age, age and household registration group. Results The prevalence of hemoglobin, anemia and moderate to severe anemia in 51 869 children under 5 years old was 8.0% and 3.3% respectively. The prevalence of anemia in diaspora and resident children was 14.0% and 2.1%, respectively, with significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 2 490.2, P <0.05). The prevalence of anemia was significantly decreased in 3 years (χ ~ 2 = 163.7, P <0.05) (Χ ~ 2 = 5.3, P> 0.05). The prevalence rates of anemia in diaspora and migrant children were 13.5% and 15.8%, respectively, with significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 18.4 , P <0.05). The prevalence of anemia in both resident and migrant children was 2.0% and 2.3% respectively, with no significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 2.4, P> 0.05). The prevalence of anemia in male and female was 8.5% % And 7.4%, respectively (χ ~ 2 = 21.9, P <0.05). The prevalence rates of anemia in Han and minority children were 7.1% and 10.5%, respectively, with statistical significance (χ ~ 2 = 151.2 , P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years of age in Karamay City in 2013-2015 shows a declining trend and the prevalence is improved. To ensure the healthy growth of children, multi-departmental cooperation should be conducted to carry out multi-level and multi-modal health education. Targeted and comprehensive interventions to improve the system management of children under 3 years of age, especially for migrant children’s health management.