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为探寻大豆在荫蔽胁迫及光照恢复后的形态建成和光合生理的响应策略,选用‘简阳九月黄’、‘江浦黑豆’和‘永胜黑豆’3个大豆材料,以单作和玉米?大豆带状套作种植模式为研究对象,分析套作荫蔽及光照恢复后大豆形态特征、光合速率、叶片解剖结构、光合色素含量等参数的响应特征。结果表明:套作种植下,大豆在第5片复叶展开(V5)期明显受玉米荫蔽胁迫,与单作大豆相比,株高显著增加,茎粗和地上部分生物量显著降低;其茎、叶和柄生物量分别是地上部生物量的58%、37%和6%,而单作下分别为36%、50%和14%,套作荫蔽下大豆的地上部分生物量分配中心由叶片改变为茎秆。同时,叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a/b及净光合速率下降,但叶绿素b含量和栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度比值增加。玉米收获解除荫蔽胁迫后,在大豆鼓粒期(R6),株高、茎粗、叶面积和地上部分生物量积累与单作的差异缩小,茎、叶和柄生物量为地上部生物量的41%、49%和10%;叶片、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度比V5期(玉豆共生期)分别增加117%、99%和81%;光合色素与单作相比差异不显著,但净光合速率显著低于单作。玉米?大豆带状套作下的3个大豆材料的单株产量差异较大,‘简阳九月黄’、‘江浦黑豆’和‘永胜黑豆’的单株产量分别较单作下降33%、64%和40%。因此,大豆能够通过形态、光合生理特征的可塑性来适应光环境,但品种间存在差异。
In order to explore the response strategies of the morphogenesis and photosynthetic physiology of soybean after shading and light restoration, three soybean materials, ’Jianyang September Huang’, ’Jiangpu Black Bean’ and ’Yongsheng Black Bean’ The results showed that the response characteristics of soybean morphological characteristics, photosynthetic rate, leaf anatomical structure, photosynthetic pigment content and other parameters were analyzed. The results showed that under intercropping, soybean was obviously shaded by maize leaf in the fifth leaf phase of compound leaf (V5), and the plant height was significantly increased and the stem diameter and aboveground biomass were significantly decreased compared with single-cropped soybean; , And the biomass of leaves and stems were 58%, 37% and 6% of the aboveground biomass, respectively, while those of the aboveground biomass were 36%, 50% and 14% Leaves changed to stalks. At the same time, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll a / b and net photosynthetic rate decreased, but chlorophyll b content and palisade tissue thickness / sponge tissue thickness ratio increased. After shading maize harvested, the difference of shoot biomass, stem diameter, leaf area and aboveground biomass in monocotyledon was diminished at heading stage (R6), stem, leaf and stalk biomass were aboveground biomass 41%, 49% and 10% respectively. The thickness of leaf tissue, palisade tissue and spongy tissue increased by 117%, 99% and 81%, respectively, compared with that of V5 (symbiosis) Photosynthetic rate was significantly lower than monoculture. The yield per plant of the three soybean materials under the corn-soybean strip set was quite different. The single-crop yields of ’Jianyang September Yuehuang’, ’Jiangpu Black Bean’ and ’Yongsheng Black Bean’ decreased by 33% 64% and 40%. Therefore, soybean can adapt to the light environment through the plasticity of morphological and photosynthetic physiological characteristics, but there are differences among varieties.