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敦煌石窟虽然处在陆路丝绸古道上,但其壁画却为我们保存了非常丰富的水上交通工具舟船的形象。据笔者的实地调查、核对,敦煌莫高窟、西千佛洞、安西榆林窟等石窟的北周、隋、唐(盛唐、中唐、晚唐)、五代、北宋、西夏时期的50多个洞窟中,有70余幅画中绘有约计100多只舟船,在敦煌藏经洞保存的绘画中也有舟船。其中有的是一至数人划桨摆渡的一叶扁舟,有的是扬帆出海的商船。以造型来看,有飘板、椭圆形船、无帆小船、帆船、双尾船、楼船等数种。敦煌壁画及绢画、纸画中的舟船大都出现在“观音经变”“报恩经变”“贤愚经变”“佛教史迹画”及个别“金刚经变”、“密严经变”和“尊胜经变”中。其中“观音经变”中出现的大都是帆船,尤以莫高窟盛唐第45窟的航海船描绘的清晰,在大帆船桅杆的顶部清楚地画出五级挂帆扣,以示该船可根据风力随时调整行进速度,这是在敦煌石窟所
Although Dunhuang Grottoes in the Silk Road on the road, but its murals for us to save a very rich boat image of water vehicles. According to the author’s field investigation, verification, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, West Thousand Buddha Caves, Anxi Yulin Grottoes such as the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui and Tang (Tang, the Tang and Late Tang), the Five Dynasties, Northern Song and Xixia period of more than 50 In the caves, there are more than 70 paintings depicting about 100 boat boats, and there are also boats in the paintings preserved in the Canon of Tibet in Dunhuang. Some of them are one-leaf boat for paddle ferry, while others are sailing ships. To modeling point of view, there are floating board, oval boat, no sail boat, sailing, double-tailed boat, a few kinds of floor ships. Dunhuang murals and silk paintings, paper boats in the boat most of them appear in the “Guanyin Warp” “grace” “”, “stupid” “Buddhist history painting ” and individual Change “, ” Strict strict changes “and ” respect wins through the change “. Among them, most of the ”Guanyin Jingbian" appeared in sailboats, especially the clear description of the nautical vessel in the 45th Cave of the Tang Dynasty in the Mogao Grottoes. The boat can be adjusted at any time according to the wind speed, which is in Dunhuang Grottoes