一、技术创新的概念技术创新(technology innovation)概念最早是由美籍奥地利经济学家熊彼特在研究资本主义经济长波的动因时明确阐释的。在熊彼特看来,所谓创新就是“企业家实行对生产要素的新组合”。他所指的创新概念,并非是一个纯粹的技术概念,而是与技术有密切关系的一个经济概念。他按照经济学方法对发明与创新做了有意义的区分,认为“先有发明,后 I. THE CONCEPT OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION The concept of technology innovation was first articulated by the Austrian economist Schumpeter in his study of the motivation for the long wave of capitalist economy. In Schumpeter's view, the so-called innovation is “a new combination of entrepreneurial and productive factors.” He refers to the concept of innovation is not a purely technical concept, but technology is closely related to an economic concept. He made a meaningful distinction between invention and innovation according to the method of economics, saying that "after invention, after