创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)是死亡和致残的主要原因之一,对医疗系统的财政负担造成巨大影响。在美国TBI每年大约会影响170万人口,在每年外伤导致的死亡群体中占约1/3~([1])。国际疾病分类第9版(ICD-9)中TBI包括颅骨骨折、脑震荡、其他和非特异性来源的颅内损伤以及非特异性脑损伤。美国脑损伤协会对TBI的定义为由外力导致的脑功能改变或者其他有证据支持的脑病变。TBI的诊断主要根据病 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of death and disability, with a significant impact on the financial burden on the health care system. In the United States, TBI affects about 1.7 million people each year, accounting for about one-third to one-third (~ 1) of the deaths caused by traumatic injuries each year. TBI in International Classification of Diseases 9 (ICD-9) includes skull fractures, concussion, intracranial lesions of other and non-specific origin, and nonspecific brain injury. The American Society for Brain Injury defines TBI as a change in brain function caused by an external force or other evidence-based brain lesion. The diagnosis of TBI is based primarily on the disease