在我们日常的体育锻炼和运动训练中,肌肉的损伤不可避免,而损伤的肌肉要经历修复、再生的过程,才能够恢复原来的运动能力。但以往病理学的观点认为,人体成熟的骨骼肌细胞属于终末分化细胞,已经不再具有分裂和再生的能力,一旦因为某种原因遭受破坏,就会成为永久性的功能和组织的缺失,被纤维化的瘢痕组织所代替,不再具有收缩能力,使其运动能力减弱或丧失。这种观点一直影响着后来的医学和体肓工作者。近年来,随着对骨骼肌损伤后再生的病理学以及形态学研究,具有调节骨骼肌再生能力的肌卫星细胞开始进入研究者的视线,尤其是基质金属蛋白酶对肌卫星细胞的调节作用越来越受到重视,基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metdloproteinases,MMPs)是由多种锌离子依赖性酶组成的能降解细胞外基质蛋白(extracellular matrix,ECM)的重要酶类。几乎能降解细胞基质的所有成分(胶原、明胶、粘性蛋白、纤维粘连蛋白、蛋白多糖等)。其天然抑制剂组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂也逐渐成为国内外研究的热点。基质金属蛋白酶和组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂的平衡在体内维持细胞外基质降解中起重要作用。MMPs 是自然进化中高度保守的一类酶, 广泛分布于植物、脊椎动物、无脊椎动物中。在正常稳定状态的组织中,MMPs 表达量极少;当细胞外基质中基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制剂的失衡时,出现多种病理现象,如炎症、胚胎发生、血管形成、肿瘤侵袭转移, 其表达量上升。新的 MMPs 在不断被发现,MMP 家族也正在迅速地扩大,希望随着对 MMPs 功能的深入了解,使我们对细胞与其生存环境的关系有更为具体、准确的理解和认识,特别是基质金属蛋白酶对肌卫星细胞的调节作用有一个深入的了解,为治愈并有效的预防与运动相关的骨骼肌的损伤提供帮助和借鉴。本文对基质金属蛋白酶的一般特征、分类及活性调节加以综术。 In our daily physical exercise and exercise training, muscle damage is inevitable, while the damaged muscle undergoes the process of repair and regeneration, to be able to restore the original exercise capacity. However, the pathological view of the past that the body’s mature skeletal muscle cells are terminally differentiated cells that no longer have the ability to split and regenerate, once for some reason destroyed, it will become a permanent loss of function and organization, Is replaced by fibrotic scar tissue, no longer have the ability to shrink, so that their ability to exercise weakened or lost. This view has always affected later medical and physical workers. In recent years, with the regeneration of skeletal muscle injury pathology and morphological studies, with the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration ability of satellite cells began to enter the investigator’s line of sight, especially the matrix metalloproteinases on the regulation of muscle satellite cells more and more The more attention, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) is a variety of zinc-dependent enzymes can degrade the extracellular matrix protein (ECM) of the important enzymes. Almost all components of the cell matrix (collagen, gelatin, cohesive proteins, fibronectin, proteoglycans, etc.) can be degraded. Its natural inhibitor of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase has gradually become a hot spot at home and abroad. The balance of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitors plays an important role in maintaining the degradation of extracellular matrix in vivo. MMPs are highly conserved types of enzymes in natural evolution and are widely distributed in plants, vertebrates and invertebrates. In normal and steady state tissues, the expression of MMPs is extremely low. When the imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors occurs in extracellular matrix, many pathological phenomena such as inflammation, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis, Its expression increased. The new MMPs are constantly being discovered and the MMP family is also rapidly expanding. We hope that with the in-depth understanding of the function of MMPs, we will have a more specific and accurate understanding of the relationship between the cells and their living environment, especially the matrix metal Protease on the regulation of muscle satellite cells have a deep understanding of the role for the cure and effective prevention of exercise-related skeletal muscle injury to provide help and reference. This article to the general characteristics of matrix metalloproteinases, classification and regulation of activity to be comprehensive.