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目的：探讨钙结合蛋白S100A12在膝关节骨性关节炎患者滑膜组织中的表达及临床意义。方法采用ELISA法和免疫组化染色分别检测40例膝关节骨性关节炎患者（A组）和40例非膝关节损伤或骨折患者（B组）滑膜组织中的S100A12含量和阳性表达情况，并分析其与骨性关节炎严重程度的相关性。结果 A组S100A12含量和阳性表达量均高于B组[（4.29±2.19）ng／mg?prot vs ．（2.71±2.18） ng／mg?prot和0.21±0.15 vs ．0.13±0.07]（P＜0．05）。随着骨性关节炎K‐L分级增加，S100A12含量和阳性表达逐渐升高（P＜0．05）。Spearman相关分析显示，K‐L分级与S100A12含量和阳性表达呈正相关（r＝0．42和0．71，P＜0．05）。结论 S100A12在膝关节骨性关节炎患者滑膜组织中表达，并且与骨性关节炎严重程度密切相关；S100A12可能是骨性关节炎早期诊断和评估预后的潜在指标。“,”Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of calcium‐binding protein S100A12 in the synovial tissues of patients with knee osteoarthritis .Methods The content and positive expression of S100A12 in the synovial tissues were detected by ELISA and immunohistochemical staining in 40 cases with knee osteoarthritis (group A ) and 40 cases without knee injury or fracture (group B) ,respectively .The correlation between S100A12 expression and severity of osteoarthritis was analyzed .Results The content and positive expression of S100A12 in group A were higher than those in group B[(4.29 ± 2.19) ng/mg?prot vs .(2.71 ± 2.18) ng/mg?prot and 0.21 ± 0.15 vs .0.13 ± 0.07](P<0 .05) .The content and positive expression of S100A12 were gradually elevated as K‐L grades of osteoarthritis increasd(P<0 .05) .Spearman analysis showed that K‐L grade was positively correlated with the content and positive expression of S 100A12(r=0 .42 and 0.71 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion S100A12 is expressed in the synovial tissues of patients with knee osteoarthritis and has a close relation to the severity of osteoarthritis .S100A12 may serve as a potential indicator for early diagnosis and evaluating the prognosis of patients with osteoarthritis .