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【目的】从土壤中筛选溶磷菌株,提供适应玉米生产的溶磷微生物。【方法】利用难溶磷无机盐培养基从作物根际土壤样品中筛选溶磷菌株,通过菌株在土豆液体培养基培养过程中培养液pH的变化确定溶磷菌株的溶磷能力。利用菌株在平板和土壤中对玉米根系的适应性,选择对玉米适应性好的菌株应用到盆栽实验和大田实验。【结果】从土壤中筛选到具有较高溶磷效果的真菌15株,经鉴定其中9株为草酸青霉,2株为变幻青霉,1株为刺孢青霉、1株为绿色木霉、1株为黑曲霉、1株为构巢曲霉。15株真菌能够显著降低PDB溶液的pH值,其中5株能够将溶液的pH从7.0降到2.0以下。实验室平板和土培试验发现菌株Z15+、ZQ3、ZI1、Zh和Z30能够在以玉米根系分泌物为C源的平板和土壤中很好地生长、定殖,表明这5株菌能够有效利用玉米的根系分泌物。将这5株菌进行盆栽种植玉米,菌株ZI1和Zh处理后,能显著的提高土壤中的有效磷含量,在第49天时,有效磷含量分别高于土壤初始含量的28.05%和37.04%,收获的玉米干重比对照分别高26.04%和20.21%。将菌株ZI1和Zh制成菌剂进行大田试验,试验结果表明菌剂Zh使大田玉米产量提高13.22%,达到10873.05 kg/hm2。而使用ZI1菌剂的大田玉米产量与CK相比没有显著差异。【结论】本实验获得的适应玉米的溶磷菌株Zh为构巢曲霉。
【Objective】 Phosphate solubilizing bacteria were screened from soil to provide soluble phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms suitable for maize production. 【Method】 The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria strains were screened from rhizospheric soil samples using refractory-phosphorus inorganic salt medium. The ability of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria to dissolve phosphorus was determined by the change of pH value of the culture broth during the culture of potato liquid medium. Utilizing the adaptability of the strain to the corn root in the slab and the soil, the strain adaptable to corn was selected to be applied to the pot experiment and the field experiment. 【Result】 Fifteen strains of fungi with high phosphate solubilizing effect were screened from soil. Among them, nine were identified as Penicillium oxalicum, two were Penicillium decumbens, one was Penicillium sp., And one was Trichoderma viride , 1 strain is Aspergillus niger and 1 strain is Aspergillus nidulans. Fifteen fungi could significantly reduce the pH of PDB solution, of which five strains could lower the pH of the solution from 7.0 to below 2.0. Strain Z15 +, ZQ3, ZI1, Zh and Z30 were able to grow and colonize well in the slab and soil with corn root exudates as C source in the laboratory slab and soil culture tests, indicating that these 5 strains can effectively utilize corn Root exudates. The five strains of potted corn, strain ZI1 and Zh treatment, can significantly improve the soil available phosphorus content, the effective phosphorus content of the 49th day were higher than the initial soil content of 28.05% and 37.04%, respectively, and harvest Of dry weight of corn were 26.04% and 20.21% higher than the control respectively. The bacterial strains ZI1 and Zh were tested in field experiments. The results showed that microbial agent Zh increased corn yield by 13.22%, reaching 10873.05 kg / hm2. However, there was no significant difference in yield of field corn using ZI1 compared with CK. 【Conclusion】 In this experiment, the soluble phosphate-solubilizing strain Zh was A. nidulans.