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目的探讨药源性过敏性休克(DAS)的特点及规律,为临床早期诊断和治疗提供依据。方法回顾分析2007年1月至2010年4月期间收治的27例DAS住院患者的临床资料。结果 27例DAS患者男性15例,女性12例,男∶女=1.25∶1;年龄3～75岁。抗菌药物导致的DAS居首位,其次是中药制剂。在抗菌药物中以头孢哌酮舒巴坦和青霉素过敏反应发生率居所有药物前2位;静脉注射引起的过敏性休克最多。结论多种药物的应用均可引起DAS,应引起临床医生的高度重视。用药前仔细询问过敏史、做皮肤过敏性试验及用药后密切观察是预防DAS发生的重要措施,一旦出现DAS应及时对症治疗。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and rules of drug-induced anaphylactic shock (DAS) and provide the basis for early clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 27 DAS inpatients admitted from January 2007 to April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 27 cases of DAS patients, 15 males and 12 females, male: female = 1.25: 1; aged 3 to 75 years old. DAS caused by antimicrobial drugs ranked first, followed by traditional Chinese medicine. The incidence of allergic reactions to cefoperazone and sulbactam and penicillin in antibacterials was the first two in all drugs. The most frequent anaphylactic shock was caused by intravenous injection. Conclusion The application of many kinds of drugs can cause DAS, should attract the clinician’s attention. Carefully asked before the allergy history, skin allergy test and close observation after medication is an important measure to prevent the occurrence of DAS, DAS should appear in a timely manner symptomatic treatment.