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埃博拉病毒急性感染具有极高的致死率,其基本特征表现在机体的先天免疫与过继免疫反应被压制,病毒疯狂复制引发强烈的细胞因子风暴并攻击血管系统,大面积细胞凋亡导致脓血症和多脏器功能衰竭,病人最终因体温下降、血压过低休克致死。在缺乏特异性治疗药物干预的情况下,仍有一部分感染者会自然康复,说明埃博拉感染是一种自限性疾病,机体自身的免疫系统在非特异性治疗措施帮助下最终能够清除病毒。埃博拉病毒部分地阻断了I型干扰素的产生和抗病毒信号途径,但有证据表明I型干扰素仍能够在一定程度上抑制病毒复制,潜伏期内予以预防性注射I型干扰素可望大幅度降低感染者体内病毒负载;间充质干细胞具有强大及可塑性的免疫调节作用,能够压制细胞因子风暴,支持血管内皮细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡,具有向炎症组织趋化和参与修复的能力,对于埃博拉感染终末期患者采用间充质干细胞治疗有望显著降低死亡风险和后遗症的发生率。当前绝大多数常见的病毒性感染缺乏特异性治疗药物,在相当长一段时期内,非特异性治疗手段仍是对抗病毒性疾病的基本策略。
Acute infection with Ebola virus has a very high lethality rate. The basic characteristics of Ebola virus infection are that the innate and adoptive immune responses in the body are repressed, the crazy replication of the virus causes a strong storm of cytokines and attacks the vascular system, and the apoptosis of a large area leads to pus Serum and multiple organ failure, the patient eventually due to temperature drops, hypoxemia shock death. In the absence of specific treatment interventions, some still have spontaneous recovery, indicating that Ebola infection is a self-limited disease and that the body’s own immune system can eventually eliminate the virus with the help of nonspecific treatment. Ebola virus partially blocks the production of type I interferons and the antiviral signaling pathways, but there is evidence that type I interferons are still capable of inhibiting viral replication to some extent and prophylactic injection of type I interferons during the incubation period Hope to greatly reduce the virus load in infected patients; mesenchymal stem cells have a strong and plastic immunomodulatory effect, can suppress the cytokine storm, support the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, inhibit apoptosis, with inflammatory tissue chemotaxis and involved in the repair Ability to use mesenchymal stem cell therapy for end-stage Ebola patients is expected to significantly reduce the risk of death and the incidence of sequelae. Currently, most common viral infections lack specific therapeutic drugs. For a long period of time, non-specific treatment is still the basic strategy to combat viral diseases.