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妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对母婴具有较大危害,未经治疗的GDM患者在孕妇方面主要有流产、早产、羊水过多、死胎等,且妊娠期高血压、酮症酸中毒、视网膜剥离、难产、剖宫产等围产期并发症也显著增加;在新生儿方面主要有巨大儿、小样儿、呼吸窘迫综合征、低血糖、黄疸、先天性感染等。目前治疗手段分饮食、运动、药物治疗。饮食治疗是在不引起孕妇产生饥饿性酮症、保证胎儿正常生长发育的前提下,严格限制碳水化合物的摄入量,使之不引起餐后高血糖;适当的运动可以降低孕妇妊娠期胰岛素抵抗,降低空腹和餐后血糖,提高胰岛素敏感性。胰岛素治疗是目前药物控制GDM糖代谢紊乱的最佳选择;磺脲类口服降糖药在孕期应用的有效性及安全性正不断被得到证实。
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is more harmful to maternal and infant. Untreated GDM patients mainly have miscarriage, premature birth, polyhydramnios and stillbirth in pregnant women. In addition, gestational hypertension, ketoacidosis, retinal detachment, Difficult labor, cesarean section and other perinatal complications also increased significantly; in neonatology, there are huge children, small infants, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, jaundice, congenital infections. The current treatment points diet, exercise, drug treatment. Diet therapy is not caused in pregnant women produce famotidine, to ensure the normal fetal growth and development under the premise of strict restrictions on carbohydrate intake, so that it does not cause postprandial hyperglycemia; appropriate exercise can reduce the pregnancy gestational insulin resistance , Reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose, improve insulin sensitivity. Insulin treatment is currently the best choice for drug control GDM glucose metabolism disorders; sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agents in the application of the effectiveness and safety are being continuously confirmed.