我国一直是低位直肠癌的高发地区,并且其发病率呈逐年升高趋势。长期以来,腹会阴联合切除术作为低位直肠癌根治手术的金标准,但是该术式会导致病人肛门丧失,严重影响病人的生活质量。直肠前切除术作为保肛手术使得直肠癌病人生活质量得到极大改善,但是由于技术限制以往只能应用于中上段直肠癌。近年来,全直肠系膜切除、肛门外括约肌保留技术以及吻合器的应用使得低位直肠癌甚至是超低位直肠癌病人在保证根治的同时,依然可以保留肛门功能,特别是吻合器的出现,使得低位吻合更便利、更安全。合理使用吻合器,以及吻合器功能的不断更新可以显著降低术后并发症的发生率。 China has been a high incidence of low rectal cancer, and its incidence showed a rising trend year by year. For a long time, abdominal perineal resection of the lower rectal cancer as the gold standard for radical surgery, but the operation will lead to anus loss of patients, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Anorectal resection as a rectal surgery makes the quality of life of patients with rectal cancer has been greatly improved, but because of technical limitations in the past can only be applied to the upper rectal cancer. In recent years, total mesorectal excision, external anal sphincter retention technology and the application of anastomosis make low rectal cancer and even ultra-low rectal cancer patients to ensure radical cure, while still able to retain the anus function, in particular the occurrence of staplers, making the low Stitch more convenient and safer. Reasonable use of staplers, as well as the continuous updating of stapling functions, can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.