19世纪七八十年代 ,中国先后发生了中俄伊犁危机和中法战争 ,张之洞通过对该期间中外重大交涉事件的特别关注和实践 ,初步形成了自己的外交策略理论和思想 :一是联日御俄 ,二是“守在四夷”。二者均属于“以小制大”型的以夷制度 In the seventies and eighties of the 18th century, China had successively witnessed the crisis of Sino-Russian Ili crisis and the Sino-French war. Zhang Zhidong initially formulated his own theory and ideology of diplomatic strategy through his special attention and practice in the major negotiation events both at home and abroad during the period: First, Russian couplets day, the second is “keep in Siyi.” Both belong to the “big system of small” type system