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1 引言 在过去的100年间,岩土工程的发展经历了许多不同的阶段,一直到1913年,土木工程师仍主要是凭着实际工作经验对楼房、铁路、隧道、坝、公路、港口及其它的土木工程结构进行设计和施工,能采用的方法还是朗肯(Rankine,1857年)·库仑(Coulomb,1776年)提出的对主动土压力,被动土压力的分析方法;达西(Darcy,1856年)提出的水通过土渗流的分析以及布辛乃斯克(Boussinesq,1885年)提出的弹性介质的应力分布的分析方法。 “一战”前夕,瑞典、德国和美国发生了若干次滑坡,对其研究标志着土木工程师正超越着当时所
1 Introduction Over the past 100 years, the development of geotechnical engineering has gone through many different stages. Until 1913, civil engineers still rely mainly on practical work experience on buildings, railways, tunnels, dams, roads, ports and other areas. The design and construction of civil engineering structures and the methods that can be adopted are the analytical methods of active earth pressure and passive earth pressure proposed by Rankine (1857) and Coulomb (1776); Darcy (1856). The proposed analysis of water flow through the soil and the analysis of the stress distribution of elastic media proposed by Boussinesq (1885). On the eve of the “First World War,” several landslides occurred in Sweden, Germany, and the United States. Their research marks that civil engineers are surpassing the time.