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在发动机零件设计和试验工作中,一项很重要的任务是确定运转情况下的零件应力和应变。一些强度公式能估算一般零件的应力,甚至还能估算相当复杂构件的应力。但是,用通常的强度公式就不能精确地分析发动机某些零件所承受的复杂机械负荷和热负荷。例如内燃机的活塞承受多种外力作用:有活塞顶部燃气压力、销座孔内活塞销的反作用力以及在活塞顶部高温作用下引起的急剧交变应力。很明显,在此情况下,一般常规分析法是不适用的。
In the engine part design and test work, a very important task is to determine the parts under stress and strain. Some strength formulas evaluate the stress of a common part, and even estimate the stress of quite complex components. However, with the usual strength formula, the complex mechanical and thermal loads on some parts of the engine can not be accurately analyzed. For example, the internal combustion engine piston to withstand a variety of external forces: there are gas pressure at the top of the piston pin hole pin piston reaction and the piston under the action of high temperature caused by rapid alternating stress. Obviously, in this case, general routine analysis is not applicable.