避讳,是指对于君主和尊长的名字必须避免直接说出或写出。这种中国封建社会特有的现象,延续了上千年。避讳的对象主要有四种。一是帝王,对当代在位的帝王及本朝历代皇帝之名要避讳,称“国讳”或“公讳”。如,在汉光武帝刘秀时期,“秀才”被改成“茂才”;清朝时乾隆曾下诏,门联中不许有“五福临门”四字,为的是避讳顺治帝“福临”之名。有时,甚至还要避讳皇后之名,如吕后名雉, Taboo means that the names of monarchs and elders must be avoided from being spoken or written directly. This peculiar phenomenon of Chinese feudal society lasted for thousands of years. There are four main taboo objects. First, the emperors, to the contemporary reign of the emperors and the dynasties in the name of the ancient emperor to be taboo, saying “national taboo” or “public taboo.” For example, during the period of the Han Emperor Wudi Liu Xiu, “scholar ” was changed to “Mao Cai ”; when Qianlong was decreed in the Qing dynasty, there was no “five blessings” Emperor “Fulin ” in the name. Sometimes, even the name of the Queen should be taboo,