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目的调查十堰市人群隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)感染情况,比较4种不同染色方法隐孢子虫检出率,为隐孢子虫病的诊断提供依据。方法采集十堰市城乡5个调查点人群粪便标本2549份,采用金胺-酚染色法、改良抗酸染色法、沙黄-美兰染色法和金胺-酚染色-改良抗酸法检查隐孢子虫卵囊。结果4种方法检出率分别为2.5%、2.3%、2.4%和4.8%。金胺-酚染色-改良抗酸法与其他3种方法间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。城乡人群隐孢子虫检出率分别为0.4%(2/483)和5.7%(177/2066),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性和女性隐孢子虫检出率分别为4.8%(63/1308)和4.5%(56/1241),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。隐孢子虫感染的主要临床表现为良性腹泻(无血便)、轻微腹痛及恶心等。结论十堰市人群隐孢子虫感染多见,城乡差异显著。由于隐孢子虫病无特殊临床表现,易造成误诊和漏诊。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in Shiyan population and to compare the detection rates of Cryptosporidium by four different staining methods to provide evidence for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis. Methods Totally 2549 stool samples were collected from 5 survey sites in urban and rural areas of Shiyan City. The cryptosporidium was detected by ammine - phenol staining, modified acid - fast staining, Shahuang - melanin staining and Auramine - phenol staining - modified antacid method Oocysts. Results The detection rates of four methods were 2.5%, 2.3%, 2.4% and 4.8% respectively. Auramine - phenol staining - improved antacid method and the other three differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). The detection rates of Cryptosporidium in urban and rural areas were 0.4% (2/483) and 5.7% (177/2066), respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.01). The detection rates of Cryptosporidium in both men and women were 4.8% (63/1308) and 4.5% (56/1241) respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). The main clinical manifestations of cryptosporidiosis are benign diarrhea (no bloody stools), mild abdominal pain and nausea. Conclusions Cryptosporidium infection is common in urban residents in Shiyan, with significant differences between urban and rural areas. Cryptosporidiosis due to no special clinical manifestations, easily lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.