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基于ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian)有限元建立稳态轮轨滚动接触的三维有限元模型。利用该模型计算和分析重载轮轨滚动接触的黏着特性,并研究不同速度等级对重载轮轨黏着蠕滑特性的影响。用该模型对重载大功率机车车轮在轨道上从制动、惰行到牵引过程进行计算,得到了这一过程中轮轨接触状态的变化规律和黏着特性曲线。在重载大功率机车从制动、惰行到牵引的过程中,轮轨纵向摩擦力由反方向饱和状态逐渐转变成牵引方向饱和状态,而轮轨横向摩擦力始终呈反对称性分布,其最大值位置先是逐渐靠近接触斑中心,然后又逐渐远离之;摩擦力矢量呈旋转分布,其方向从与运动方向相反逐渐变为与运动方向相同,其旋转中心从轮缘附近逐渐进入接触斑,随后又逐渐向轮缘一侧移动;当轮轨纵向蠕滑率较小(≤0.003)时,黏着力随纵向蠕滑率的增加而近似线性增加,但运行速度对此影响不大;进入大蠕滑率(>0.003)区域后,黏着力随蠕滑率的增加而减小,并且速度越高,黏着力降低得越快。
Establishment of 3D Finite Element Model of Steady Wheel and Rail Rolling Contact Based on ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) Finite Element Method. The model was used to calculate and analyze the rolling contact adhesion characteristics of heavy-duty wheel-rail and to study the influence of different speed grades on the adhesion creep characteristics of heavy-duty wheel-rail. The model was used to calculate the change rule of the wheel-rail contact state and the adhesion characteristic curve of the heavy-duty high-power locomotive wheels on the track from braking, idling to towing process. During the process of braking, idling and towing of heavy-duty high-power locomotives, the longitudinal friction of the wheel and rail gradually changes from the saturated state in the opposite direction to the saturated state in the traction direction, while the lateral and lateral friction forces of the wheel and railways are always in the anti-symmetrical distribution. The position of the value is gradually close to the center of the contact spot first and then gradually away from it. The friction vector is in a rotation distribution, and its direction changes from the opposite direction of the movement to the same direction of movement. The rotation center gradually enters the contact spot from the vicinity of the rim, When the longitudinal creep slip ratio is less (≤0.003), the adhesion force increases linearly with the increase of longitudinal creep rate, but the running speed has little effect on it. After the slip rate (> 0.003), the adhesion decreases with the increase of creep rate, and the higher the speed, the lower the adhesion.