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1 前言 最近几年,人们对在海洋环境中沉积的锰结核作为潜在矿床已有相当兴趣。以前的研究表明,在不同的海洋环境中形成的结核,其成分是相当不同的。 已提出各种各样的假说来解释海洋环境中锰结核及其相关沉积物的成因。深海锰结核的放射性化学年代测定是其中用来解决关于结核的起源及浓度史难题的方法之一。 尽管关于细菌性Mn~(2+)氧化作用的动态和物理学的研究指出了明显的微生物成分,但自然环境中微生物Mn~(2+)一非生物Mn~(2+)氧化作用的相对重要性尚未清楚地描述(Ghiorse,1988)。 本文目的旨在讨论马里亚纳群岛和约翰逊岛近海区的锰结核的矿物学和化学特征,以便弄清楚它们的起源。 马里亚纳群岛附近的锰结核采自153°20′E及23°N附近海山的约1200m的水深处(图 1),而约翰逊岛附近的结核采自169°32′W和16°26′N海底的约2400m的水深处(图1)。两个取样位置均位于太平洋板块上,靠近火山岛或海山。
1 Introduction In recent years, there has been considerable interest in manganese nodules deposited in the marine environment as potential deposits. Previous studies have shown that the composition of tuberculosis formed in different marine environments is quite different. A variety of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the causes of manganese nodules and their associated sediments in the marine environment. The dating of deep-sea manganese nodules by radiochemical dating is one of the methods used to solve the difficult questions about the origin and concentration of nodules. Although the dynamic and physical studies of bacterial Mn 2+ oxidation indicate significant microbial constituents, the relative oxidation of Mn 2+ to abiotic Mn 2+ in the natural environment The importance is not clearly described (Ghiorse, 1988). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of manganese nodules in the offshore Mariana Islands and Johnson Island in order to clarify their origins. Manganese nodules near the Mariana Islands were collected at water depths of about 1,200 m (Figure 1) at seamounts around 153 ° 20’E and 23 ° N, while the tuberculosis near Johnson Island was taken at 169 ° 32’W and 16 ° 26 ’ N underwater depth of about 2400m (Figure 1). Both sampling locations are located on the Pacific plate near the volcanic island or seamount.