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一、现行的粮食品种差价粮食品种差价是指同一市场、同一时间、不同粮食品种购价之间或销价之间的差距。通常用比价率来表示。多年来,我国粮食统购统销价格虽经几次较大的调整提高,但稻谷大类中的籼稻、粳稻、糯稻等三小类品种之间的比价幅度却没多大变化。随着区域商品经济不同程度的发展,这三小类稻谷之间平价比价率同议价比价率,在不同的经济地区表现出了程度不同的差异。从温州地区近年来粮价情况来看,以早籼谷价格为基数,其同晚籼杂交谷、粳谷、糯谷等品种的平价比价率为分别只在108%、115%、135%左右,而议价比价率分别高达130%、140%、150%左右。从品种差价绝对额来看,以早籼米为基数,杂交米(晚籼)同早籼米的定购价差只有(35.30-32.70)=2.6元/百市斤,而议购价差高达(60.0-45.0)=15.0/百市斤,二者相差5倍多;这两个品种的统销价差只有(14.40-14.0)=0.40元/百市斤,而议销价差高达(65.0-50.0)=15.0/百市斤,前后相差数十倍之多。此外,粳米、糯米等分别同早籼米的上述购或销的平价价差同议价价差的差距也很大(详见表一)。纵观市场,不难发现,正是这些稻谷(米)品种之间平议购、销价价差的悬殊差异,导致了优质品种粮食产供销等诸方面的问题和矛盾。
I. Current Food Varieties The spreads on differential food varieties refer to the gap between the purchase price of the same market, at the same time, or between different food varieties, or the selling price. Usually expressed in terms of the rate of comparison. Over the years, though China’s grain purchasing and unification and purchase price has been improved by several major adjustments, the range of the prices of rice, japonica, and japonica in the rice category has not changed much. With the development of regional commodity economy to varying degrees, the parities of parity between the three sub-types of rice and bargaining power have shown different degrees of difference in different economic regions. From the perspective of grain prices in Wenzhou in recent years, based on the price of Zaogu Valley, the parity parity rates of the same varieties of hybrid rice, cereals, cereals, and cereals in late evening were only about 108%, 115%, and 135% respectively. The bargaining rates were as high as 130%, 140%, and 150%, respectively. Judging from the absolute value of the spreads, based on early rice as the base, the difference between the order price of hybrid rice (late rice) and early rice is only (35.30-32.70) = 2.6 yuan / hundred kg, and the difference between the purchase price is as high as (60.0-45.0). =15.0/hundred pounds, the difference between the two is more than 5 times; the difference between the sales of these two varieties is only (14.40-14.0)=0.40 yuan/one hundred pounds, and the difference between the negotiation price is as high as (65.0-50.0)=15.0/100 cities. Jin, before and after the difference of tens of times. In addition, the gap between the parity price difference between the above-mentioned purchases or sales of glutinous rice, glutinous rice, etc., and early barley glutinous rice, respectively, is similar to the bargaining price difference (see Table 1 for details). Looking at the market, it is not difficult to find that it is these differences in the level of parity between the rice (rice) varieties and the difference in the sales price that lead to the problems and contradictions in various aspects such as the production, supply and marketing of high-quality varieties of grain.