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齿轮在汽车结构中占有很重要的地位,它经常在较高的负荷下工作,承受着很大的磨耗、冲击及周期性的弯曲负荷。因而要求齿轮具有较高的耐磨性、冲击韧性和强度。在汽车的大量生产中,为了使齿轮能满足这些要求,使产品质量能够稳定,必须进行严格的检验。影响齿轮质量的因素很多,除设计加工方面以外,原材料的性质及热处理的情况也起着重要的作用,在生产中通常都依靠硬度和金相检验来保证齿轮热处理的质量。齿轮的表面处理工艺很多,如渗炭处理、氰化处理以及高频加热淬火等。其中氰化工艺处理仅适用于轻载荷的汽车,而高频热处理又受到条件限制,所以目前在国内获得广泛应用的仍然是渗炭热处理。解放牌汽车的齿轮,长期以来一直是采用渗炭工艺处理,因此我们所提出的标准也是以渗炭处理的汽车齿轮为基础,现介绍如下。
Gears occupy an important place in the car structure. They often work under higher loads, suffer from great wear, impact and periodic bending loads. Thus requiring gear with high wear resistance, impact toughness and strength. In the mass production of automobiles, stringent tests must be carried out in order for the gears to meet these requirements and for the quality of the products to be stable. There are many factors that affect gear quality. In addition to the design and processing aspects, the nature of raw materials and heat treatment also play an important role. In production, hardness and metallographic tests are usually used to ensure the quality of gear heat treatment. Gear surface treatment process many, such as carburizing treatment, cyanidation and high-frequency heating quenching. Cyanide process which applies only to light-load vehicles, and high-frequency heat treatment is subject to conditions, so currently widely used in the country is still carburizing heat treatment. Jiefangpai car gear, has long been infiltration charcoal process, so our proposed standard is carburizing treatment of automotive gear-based, are described below.