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城市,这一人为体系,在古代,其分布是相当稀疏。他们各自建立在充裕的自然环境之中。与自然界的一切,和平共处,相依共生,能够较稳定地构成良性循环的生态系统。因此一直保持生命活力,终成为人类文明进步的重要标志。伴随着科学技术与工业交通的迅猛发展,近代城市用地与人口规模膨胀,出现土地、住房、交通、用水和能源供应的紧张,工业三废、垃圾与噪音危害的严重。一些工业区或城市建设项目,由于违反自然规律和破坏生态平衡而造成的经济恶果,超过其本身的经济收益。再加上产品一方面是受有害物质的污染腐蚀,或消耗与过剩的现象层出,另一方面又是市场短缺,生活急需。城市规划因此而必须解决一系列的平衡。如价值平衡、实物平衡、空间平衡与生态平衡。到本世纪,城市化已成为世界发达地区的普遍现象。城市群形态的建立,交通用地和其它设施侵犯着有限的城市环境空间,自然环境、森林与农业用地逐渐减少,其后患真是难以想象。美国每年由于城市化和交通建设,占去土地约100万公顷。一些资料表明:“西方城市面积正在比人口增长率高出两倍
Cities, this artificial system, in ancient times, its distribution is quite sparse. They are each built in ample natural environment. With everything in the natural world, peaceful coexistence, mutual symbiosis, and can constitute a virtuous circular ecosystem more stably. Therefore, it has always maintained vitality and has finally become an important symbol of the progress of human civilization. With the rapid development of science and technology and industrial transportation, modern urban land use and population scales have expanded. There has been a shortage of land, housing, transportation, water, and energy supplies. Industrial waste, garbage, and noise have caused serious damage. Some industrial areas or urban construction projects, due to violation of natural laws and damage to ecological balance caused by economic consequences, exceed its own economic benefits. In addition, on the one hand, the product is contaminated by harmful substances, or the phenomenon of consumption and surplus, and on the other hand, it is a market shortage and life is in desperate need. Urban planning therefore must solve a series of balances. Such as value balance, physical balance, spatial balance and ecological balance. By this century, urbanization has become a common phenomenon in developed regions of the world. With the establishment of urban agglomerations, traffic land and other facilities infringe upon the limited urban environmental space, the natural environment, forests, and agricultural land are gradually reduced. It is difficult to imagine subsequent problems. Every year, the United States accounts for about one million hectares of land due to urbanization and traffic construction. Some information shows: "The size of Western cities is more than double the population growth rate.