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通过诱捕法和样方调查法获得苏北地区农林生境蚂蚁4亚科11属14种。优势种为铺道蚁(Tetramorium cae-spitum)、针毛收获蚁(Messor aciculatus)、中华小家蚁(Monomorium chinense)和日本弓背蚁(Camponotus japonicus)。从生境分布来看,前2种亦是研究区域的广布种。根据调查数据分析了该地区7种农林生境中蚂蚁群落的结构及多样性特征,以及人为干扰和生境异质性对蚂蚁群落的影响。结果表明:7种生境中蚂蚁群落种类组成和多样性等指标均不相同。山地针叶阔叶林中蚂蚁群落种类数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)最高;蔬菜果园农田蚂蚁群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)最低。人类干扰越强的生境,蚂蚁群落多样性指数越低;生境质量和异质性越高的生境,蚂蚁群落多样性指数越高。PCA分析可将这7种生境蚂蚁群落分为3大类型。相关分析与群落结构PCA分析结果基本一致。
By trapping method and quadrat investigation method, 14 species of 11 genera and 4 subfamilies of ants in the agro-forestry habitat in Northern Jiangsu were obtained. The dominant species are Tetramorium cae-spitum, Messor aciculatus, Monomorium chinense and Camponotus japonicus. According to the distribution of habitats, the first two species are also widely distributed in the study area. Based on the survey data, the structure and diversity of the ant communities in seven agroforestry regions in the region were analyzed. The effects of anthropogenic disturbance and habitat heterogeneity on the ant community were also analyzed. The results showed that the species composition and diversity of ants in seven habitats were different. Shannong-Wiener diversity index (H ’) was the highest in mountain coniferous broad-leaved forest and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) was the lowest in vegetable orchard farmland. The habitat with stronger human disturbance has a lower diversity index of ants; the habitat and ants with higher habitat quality and heterogeneity have higher diversity index. PCA analysis can divide these seven kinds of habitat ant communities into three types. Correlation analysis and community structure PCA analysis results are basically the same.