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快速眼动(REM)睡眠是由脑干、前脑和下丘脑的多个神经递质系统相互协作来产生并维持的。此过程的核心区域位于蓝斑下核。REM睡眠时,谷氨酸能蓝斑下核细胞激活,使得GABA和甘氨酸释放进入骨骼肌运动神经元,产生睡眠瘫痪。REM睡眠的时限受控于脑干及下丘脑中的多个通路,探索这些通路与蓝斑下核的关系十分重要。本文综合探讨了现有研究对健康REM睡眠产生机制以及异常REM睡眠(如发作性睡病和REM睡眠行为障碍)产生机制的理解。
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is produced and maintained by the collaboration of multiple neurotransmitter systems in the brainstem, forebrain and hypothalamus. The core of this process is located in the suborbital nucleus. REM sleep, glutamatergic cells under the activation of the macula, GABA and glycine release into the motor neurons of skeletal muscle, resulting in sleep paralysis. The timing of REM sleep is controlled by multiple pathways in the brainstem and the hypothalamus and it is important to explore the relationship of these pathways to the nucleus pulposus. In this paper, the existing research on the mechanism of healthy REM sleep and the mechanism of abnormal REM sleep (such as narcolepsy and REM sleep behavior disorder) are comprehensively discussed.