甜菜是异花授粉作物,人类利用的主要是它的营养体——块根。近二十年来,杂种优势育种在甜菜上得到了广泛的应用和比较深入的研究,世界各国的甜菜育种工作者将杂种优势原理与不同染色体倍数间的差异性结合,成功地选育出了许多高产质优的甜菜多倍体品种,在生产上推广应用,取得了显著的增产效果。多倍体品种一般比普通二倍体品种块根产量提高15—20％。目前,欧洲各主产甜菜国家在生产中基本上都是应用多倍体品种(包括雄性不育多倍体、单粒多倍体)。 Beet is a cross-pollination crop, which is mainly used by human beings - tuberous root. In the recent two decades, the heterosis breeding has been widely applied and studied deeply in sugar beets. Beet breeders around the world combined the heterosis principle with the difference between different chromosomes to successfully bred many High yield and good quality of beet polyploid varieties, in the promotion of the application of production, and achieved remarkable yield increase. Polyploid varieties are generally 15-20% more efficient than common diploid varieties. At present, all the major sugar beet countries in Europe basically use polyploid varieties (including male sterile polyploid and single polyploid) in their production.