论文部分内容阅读
一、單项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
1. The story rapidly around our small town as everyone shared in the sorrow of the wife and family.
A. circled B. carried
C. cycled D. circulated
2. On the accident spot， my brother recognized what was left of the car as of his friends father and knew the news would have to be conveyed to the family.
A. what B. that
C. one D. which
3. between China and Russia， the president addressed in ShangriLa， has brought Mongolia a great advantage in every aspect.
A. Locating B. Located
C. Being located D. Having located
4. The Atwater system is still the best one when it comes to calculating calories. Though other systems have been proposed， none have .
A. struck B. stricken
C. beaten D. shaken
5. Water inspires us not to become with fear or stick to whats familiar.
A. rigid B. aggressive
C. merciful D. desperate
6. As the 8day National Holiday is approaching， it is recommended for those tourists that they travel insurance policy in case.
A. take out B. account for
C. take away D. build up
7. While walking along the icy river banks， we could see cracks in the ice in all directions.
A. radiating B. dividing
C. splitting D. tearing
8. Everyone has their phones placed in the middle of the table； whoever looks at their device before the check arrives the bill.
A. take up B. pick up
C. split up D. put up
9. Looking at them sometimes， I feel exactly the same emotion I felt when they were walking.
A. simply B. thoroughly
C. merely D. barely
10. We weep at a sad song about children growing up partly because the process us a tragic.
A. challenges B. strikes
C. regards D. describes
11. In the second stage， we will， modernization， work hard for a further 15 years and develop China into a great modern socialist country.
A. building on having basically achieved
B. building on basically achieving
C. build on having basically achieved
D. to build on basically achieving
12. In Britain there is not a great difference between summer and winter. Some tourists actually enjoy the British weather， surprising as it seem.
A. must B. might
C. can D. would
13. The explorer took only such men and things he really needed into the jungle with him.
A. who B. that 22. A. beneath B. above
C. in D. between
23. A. legs B. hands
C. toes D. back
24. A. pay for B. break down
C. account for D. pull through
25. A. genuine B. sacred
C. magical D. specific
26. A. regardless of B. instead of
C. on account of D. in spite of
27. A. produced B. shaped
C. purchased D. carved
28. A. therefore B. even
C. still D. yet
29. A. gifts B. lessons
C. pens D. sparrows
30. A. vivid B. casual
C. permanent D. valid
31. A. prediction B. intelligence
C. accuracy D. expectation
32. A. stared at B. picked up
C. glared at D. caught sight of
33. A. blank B. shut
C. firm D. wide
34. A. as B. for
C. since D. whether
35. A. passes by B. stands out
C. crowds of D. fades of
三、閱读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
These hotels dont have all the necessary facilities， but each of them offers something different. Dont miss them if you travel to Canada.
Sleep on a train at the Train Station Inn. This hotel is in an old train station in Nova Scotia. The owners， James and Shelley Le Fresne， use the station and the train as rooms. There are seven old cars and there is also a restaurant in the dining car. Prices are from $89 to $169 per room or train car.
Sleep in a jail in the Canadian capital， Ottawa. Here， you can sleep in the old downtown Ottawa Jail Hostel. There are group or private bedrooms. There are still bars on the doors！ Prices are from $25 to $65. Dont worry， there arent any criminals there！
Sleep in a tepee （a tent of the American Indians） at a UNESCO World Heritage site in Alberta. At this hotel， there are guided tours and lessons in local culture. The best part： sleeping in a real tepee outside. The price is around $300， or $620 for a full package.
Sleep in a lighthouse at the Quirpon Lighthouse Inn. This hotel is on Newfoundlands Quirpon Island. There are great views of the ocean from the windows. There are 11 private rooms in total. Prices are from $225 for a single to $350 for a suite. Meals are included in the restaurant. The hotel has the traditional look and feel of the lighthouse， so there is no Internet， TV or telephones in the rooms. There are tours available， and boat tours to the island are included.
36. What can you do if you choose the Train Station Inn？
A. Shop in the old train cars. B. Learn how to drive the train.
C. Have meals in the dining car.
D. Enjoy a rail tour of Nova Scotia.
37. In what way is staying in a tepee in Alberta special？
A. It serves local food to diners.
B. You can sleep in the open air.
C. You can tour Alberta for free.
D. It offers lessons on making tepees.
38. Which is unavailable at the Quirpon Lighthouse Inn？
A. Private rooms. B. Guided tours.
C. Daily meals. D. The Internet.
39. Youll pay the least if you choose to sleep .
A. in the Ottawa Jail Hostel
B. at the Train Station Inn
C. in a tepee in Alberta
D. at the Quirpon Lighthouse Inn
B
Jason， our son， was born with cerebral palsy. My wife Margaret and I often comforted him as he faced many challenges in his early years.
It was heartbreaking to see him regularly chosen last for breakfast， but he was a happy child and well liked by his peers throughout elementary school. His most difficult time came when he began high school. One afternoon， Jason returned home in tears. He threw his bag on the floor and shouted， “Im never going to school again！” He was covered with food that other kids had thrown at him on the school bus on the way home. Jason later told us what had happened.
A few days earlier， Jason had signed up for the school running team. That day， a few older students made fun of his performance on the track and made him the target of their onesided food fight. I called the principal about the humiliation on the bus， and it never happened again. Jason stayed on the team， even though the harassment （騷扰） continued.
One day in October， we had snow and freezing rain. As the other kids exercised in the gym， they noticed one long runner—Jason—jogging around the snowcovered track.
A few weeks later， Jason had something to tell us. “Mom， Dad， sit down，” he said. I was ready for the worst. He told us that each month， students chose an “athlete of the month”. The coach would list the top athletes， and students voted for the winner. Jasons name had never been listed. But that day， one of the nominees said， “Sir， I would like to nominate Jason for athlete of the month.” The coach looked surprised. “He works harder than any of us， Sir，” the student continued. “We will have to have someone second the nomination，” the coach replied.
A tear formed in Jasons eye as he told us what happened next. “Mom... Dad... everyone in the class put their hands up.” His mother and I， also in tears， looked on as he proudly displayed his certificate. Whenever I despair， I think of this story.I remind myself that challenges are not overcome by force， but by patience， determination， and faith.
40. Jasons first days at high school didnt go well because .
A. he missed his friends from primary school
B. he was turned down by the schools running team
C. he was suffering from the aftereffects of cerebral palsy
D. he was treated badly by some older students
41. Which of the following could replace the underlined word “humiliation” in Paragraph 3？
A. Defense. B. Shadow.
C. Abuse. D. Panic.
42. It can be concluded from the article that .
A. the coach didnt believe Jason was worthy of the nomination
B. Jasons effects were widely recognized by his fellow students
C. It didnt take long for Jason to be the best runner in the school
D. the “athlete of the month” award was usually given to the best performer
C
Educators across the US are calling for major changes to the admission process in higher education. The National Center for Educational Statistics reported that U.S. colleges and universities received more than 9 million applications between 2013 and 2014. The schools admitted more than 5 million students in that time.
But a new report says that the problem is not about the number of students that are being admitted， but rather how students are selected. The Harvard School of Graduate Education， along with 80 other schools and organizations， released the report in January 2016， called “Turing the Tide—Making Caring Common”. The report argues that the process schools use to choose students causes major problems.
David Hawkins， the Executive Director for Educational Policy， says that most colleges and universities require many things from students when they apply. Schools usually ask for an essay describing a students interests or why they want to study at that school. The schools also ask for letters from teachers or other responsible adults describing why a student is a good candidate. But， Hawkins says， the area that schools are most concerned with a students high school grades and standardized test results.
The report suggests that paying attention to academic success over other qualities works well for some students but hurts others. In addition， academic success is not the most important quality a student should have. More attention should be paid to showing whether or not a student wants to do good in the world. The report also suggests that schools should ask for evidence that students care about other people. Moving attention away from academic ability will make process less about competition， the report says. Students will feel less stress about meeting higher and higher expectation. But the report does have its critics. Bob Schaeffer， Public Education Director， said that every few years， someone makes the same argument for change. He said that no real change has happened yet and that even many of the schools that agree with the report still make no changes. “Many of the institutions that have supported the findings in the report are the very institutions that have the most competitive admission processes in the country，” Schaeffer said.
43. What is the problem of the admission process according to the report？
A. The schools ask social responsibilities from the applying students.
B. The schools attach importance to students academic records.
C. The number of students getting admitted is too small.
D. Admission officers only consider personal qualities.
44. Which of the following do colleges ask of applicants except ？
A. their reasons to attend the school.
B. a description of their interests.
C. recommendation letters from adults
D. evidence that students care about others
45. What does the authors attitude to the report of the admission process？
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful.
C. Neutral. D. Negative.
46. The critic， Bob Schaeffer， thinks that .
A. some schools dont do what they believe is right
B. the largest schools are expected to make changes first
C. not enough schools currently agree with the report
D. history has proved that all changes are good
D
There is no denying that some people live to be older than others. Followed are the standard explanations： keeping a moderate diet， engaging in regular exercise， etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity？ Are there any kinds of personalities contributing to longer lives？ A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at these questions by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
According to the study， those who live the longest are more outgoing， more active and less neurotic （神經质的）than other people. Longliving women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you I would expect from the evolutionary theory： those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly， however， other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more selfdisciplined， for instance， were no more likely to live to be very old. Also， being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life， which might explain all those badtempered old people who are fixed in their way. Were susceptible （易受影響的） to many cognitive biases （认知偏差）， one of which is known as the confirmation bias. Lets suppose you have a friend who doesnt believe in global warming. She gives stronger credit to news stories that support her beliefs while discounting evidence in support of the existence of global warming. The confirmation bias causes us to seek out things that confirm what we have already believed， but to ignore or discount anything that opposes our existing ideas. As a result， it can prevent us looking at situations objectively and can lead to bad or faulty choices.
When something bad happens， its only natural that we look for an underlying cause to blame. The problem is that we often place the blame on the wrong person， event， or object and frequently distort （歪曲） reality to protect our own selfesteem. Imagine for a moment that you just bombed an important test in your psychology class. Whos responsible for your failure？ You might explain away your poor performance by blaming situational factors or your instructor. However， if a classmate fails the test， youre likely to believe its because he didnt study， that he is lazy， or that hes just plain stupid. In psychology， this is whats known as the actorobserver bias. In daily life， the bias often leads to misunderstandings and even arguments.
There is simply so much going on in the world around us at any given moment that our brains cannot attend to every detail. As a result， we can sometimes completely miss major chances that happen right in front of our eyes. This is described as change blindness. Researchers suggest several different factors probably play a role in it. First， we have to deal with the limited resources available to us. If were busy concentrating on one thing， we simply have to tune out huge amounts of other information our brains cannot deal with. Second， our expectations play an important role. Would you expect a person to suddenly transform into somebody else while you were talking to him？ Of course not. Because of this， our brains simply arent accustomed to noticing such a strange shift.
Overall， your brain is capable of remarkable things， from remembering conversation you had with a dear friend to solving complex mathematical problems. But as youve seen it certainly isnt perfect. So what can you do？ Theres no way to avoid all of these potential problems， but being aware of some of the biases， perceptual （感知上的） shortcomings， and memory tricks that your brain is susceptible to can help. Ways your brain plays tricks on you
A fact about the human brainThe human brain is fantastic but 51 . For example， it can makes us forget things sometimes or become 52 to something important around us.
Three
psychological
53
influencing
your
judgment
The confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias that involves 54 information that confirms existing beliefs.
The bias can cause us to look at things 55 and even damage our ability to make right choices.
The actorobserver bias makes a person 56 his own actions to external causes but other peoples behaviors to internal causes.
It can make two sides 57 or even fall into arguments.
Change blindness refers to the failure to detect changes in 58 scenes.
Its occurrence is linked to different things including our expectations and our 59 to focus on many things.
Conclusion Though there exist some possible problems with our brains， having a（n） 60 of the limitations and patterns of our brains is helpful.
五、书面表达（满分25分）
请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
AI （artificial intelligence） has raised a widespread concern that it is making machines more powerful and efficient， shortening the list of current jobs that only a human can do. At the same time， some people are getting more optimistic about the outlook of having a robot at home to help share the burden， such as washing and cleaning. When it comes to do housework， most of Americans would like it better if someone else just did it for them.
[寫作内容]
1. 用30词概述文字的主要内容；
2. 用约120词阐述你对人工智能进入人类生活的看法，并用2～3个理由支撑你的看法。
[写作要求]
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
参考答案
一、1—5 DBCAA 6—10 ACBDB 11—15 BBDDD
二、16—20 ADBCB 21—25 CDAAB26—30 DDCBA 31—35 CACDB
三、36—40 CBDAD 41—45 CBBDC46—50 AADCB
四、51. imperfect 52. blind 53. factors 54. favoring 55. subjectively
56. owe 57. misunderstood 58. present / visual 59. inability / failure 60. knowledge
五、One possible version：
With the development of technology， AI like robots are coming for our current jobs. While some people show their concern about the issue， others consider it normal to have a robot in their homes.
Im totally in favor of owning robots in our daily life. First of all， they can perform tasks faster than humans with more accuracy. Whats more， they do not care about the comfort and security of their environment， therefore saving workers from boring and even dangerous tasks. Last but not least， they can work at a constant speed with no breaks and perform assignments at a steady high level.
To be honest， what we should really worry about is not the presence of robots themselves but the absence of necessary knowledge about them. Therefore， it is definitely wiser for people to become more familiar with our future helper rather than consider it a question of robots winning and humans losing. （154 words）
（作者：石勇，江苏省沭阳如东中学）
1. The story rapidly around our small town as everyone shared in the sorrow of the wife and family.
A. circled B. carried
C. cycled D. circulated
2. On the accident spot， my brother recognized what was left of the car as of his friends father and knew the news would have to be conveyed to the family.
A. what B. that
C. one D. which
3. between China and Russia， the president addressed in ShangriLa， has brought Mongolia a great advantage in every aspect.
A. Locating B. Located
C. Being located D. Having located
4. The Atwater system is still the best one when it comes to calculating calories. Though other systems have been proposed， none have .
A. struck B. stricken
C. beaten D. shaken
5. Water inspires us not to become with fear or stick to whats familiar.
A. rigid B. aggressive
C. merciful D. desperate
6. As the 8day National Holiday is approaching， it is recommended for those tourists that they travel insurance policy in case.
A. take out B. account for
C. take away D. build up
7. While walking along the icy river banks， we could see cracks in the ice in all directions.
A. radiating B. dividing
C. splitting D. tearing
8. Everyone has their phones placed in the middle of the table； whoever looks at their device before the check arrives the bill.
A. take up B. pick up
C. split up D. put up
9. Looking at them sometimes， I feel exactly the same emotion I felt when they were walking.
A. simply B. thoroughly
C. merely D. barely
10. We weep at a sad song about children growing up partly because the process us a tragic.
A. challenges B. strikes
C. regards D. describes
11. In the second stage， we will， modernization， work hard for a further 15 years and develop China into a great modern socialist country.
A. building on having basically achieved
B. building on basically achieving
C. build on having basically achieved
D. to build on basically achieving
12. In Britain there is not a great difference between summer and winter. Some tourists actually enjoy the British weather， surprising as it seem.
A. must B. might
C. can D. would
13. The explorer took only such men and things he really needed into the jungle with him.
A. who B. that 22. A. beneath B. above
C. in D. between
23. A. legs B. hands
C. toes D. back
24. A. pay for B. break down
C. account for D. pull through
25. A. genuine B. sacred
C. magical D. specific
26. A. regardless of B. instead of
C. on account of D. in spite of
27. A. produced B. shaped
C. purchased D. carved
28. A. therefore B. even
C. still D. yet
29. A. gifts B. lessons
C. pens D. sparrows
30. A. vivid B. casual
C. permanent D. valid
31. A. prediction B. intelligence
C. accuracy D. expectation
32. A. stared at B. picked up
C. glared at D. caught sight of
33. A. blank B. shut
C. firm D. wide
34. A. as B. for
C. since D. whether
35. A. passes by B. stands out
C. crowds of D. fades of
三、閱读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
These hotels dont have all the necessary facilities， but each of them offers something different. Dont miss them if you travel to Canada.
Sleep on a train at the Train Station Inn. This hotel is in an old train station in Nova Scotia. The owners， James and Shelley Le Fresne， use the station and the train as rooms. There are seven old cars and there is also a restaurant in the dining car. Prices are from $89 to $169 per room or train car.
Sleep in a jail in the Canadian capital， Ottawa. Here， you can sleep in the old downtown Ottawa Jail Hostel. There are group or private bedrooms. There are still bars on the doors！ Prices are from $25 to $65. Dont worry， there arent any criminals there！
Sleep in a tepee （a tent of the American Indians） at a UNESCO World Heritage site in Alberta. At this hotel， there are guided tours and lessons in local culture. The best part： sleeping in a real tepee outside. The price is around $300， or $620 for a full package.
Sleep in a lighthouse at the Quirpon Lighthouse Inn. This hotel is on Newfoundlands Quirpon Island. There are great views of the ocean from the windows. There are 11 private rooms in total. Prices are from $225 for a single to $350 for a suite. Meals are included in the restaurant. The hotel has the traditional look and feel of the lighthouse， so there is no Internet， TV or telephones in the rooms. There are tours available， and boat tours to the island are included.
36. What can you do if you choose the Train Station Inn？
A. Shop in the old train cars. B. Learn how to drive the train.
C. Have meals in the dining car.
D. Enjoy a rail tour of Nova Scotia.
37. In what way is staying in a tepee in Alberta special？
A. It serves local food to diners.
B. You can sleep in the open air.
C. You can tour Alberta for free.
D. It offers lessons on making tepees.
38. Which is unavailable at the Quirpon Lighthouse Inn？
A. Private rooms. B. Guided tours.
C. Daily meals. D. The Internet.
39. Youll pay the least if you choose to sleep .
A. in the Ottawa Jail Hostel
B. at the Train Station Inn
C. in a tepee in Alberta
D. at the Quirpon Lighthouse Inn
B
Jason， our son， was born with cerebral palsy. My wife Margaret and I often comforted him as he faced many challenges in his early years.
It was heartbreaking to see him regularly chosen last for breakfast， but he was a happy child and well liked by his peers throughout elementary school. His most difficult time came when he began high school. One afternoon， Jason returned home in tears. He threw his bag on the floor and shouted， “Im never going to school again！” He was covered with food that other kids had thrown at him on the school bus on the way home. Jason later told us what had happened.
A few days earlier， Jason had signed up for the school running team. That day， a few older students made fun of his performance on the track and made him the target of their onesided food fight. I called the principal about the humiliation on the bus， and it never happened again. Jason stayed on the team， even though the harassment （騷扰） continued.
One day in October， we had snow and freezing rain. As the other kids exercised in the gym， they noticed one long runner—Jason—jogging around the snowcovered track.
A few weeks later， Jason had something to tell us. “Mom， Dad， sit down，” he said. I was ready for the worst. He told us that each month， students chose an “athlete of the month”. The coach would list the top athletes， and students voted for the winner. Jasons name had never been listed. But that day， one of the nominees said， “Sir， I would like to nominate Jason for athlete of the month.” The coach looked surprised. “He works harder than any of us， Sir，” the student continued. “We will have to have someone second the nomination，” the coach replied.
A tear formed in Jasons eye as he told us what happened next. “Mom... Dad... everyone in the class put their hands up.” His mother and I， also in tears， looked on as he proudly displayed his certificate. Whenever I despair， I think of this story.I remind myself that challenges are not overcome by force， but by patience， determination， and faith.
40. Jasons first days at high school didnt go well because .
A. he missed his friends from primary school
B. he was turned down by the schools running team
C. he was suffering from the aftereffects of cerebral palsy
D. he was treated badly by some older students
41. Which of the following could replace the underlined word “humiliation” in Paragraph 3？
A. Defense. B. Shadow.
C. Abuse. D. Panic.
42. It can be concluded from the article that .
A. the coach didnt believe Jason was worthy of the nomination
B. Jasons effects were widely recognized by his fellow students
C. It didnt take long for Jason to be the best runner in the school
D. the “athlete of the month” award was usually given to the best performer
C
Educators across the US are calling for major changes to the admission process in higher education. The National Center for Educational Statistics reported that U.S. colleges and universities received more than 9 million applications between 2013 and 2014. The schools admitted more than 5 million students in that time.
But a new report says that the problem is not about the number of students that are being admitted， but rather how students are selected. The Harvard School of Graduate Education， along with 80 other schools and organizations， released the report in January 2016， called “Turing the Tide—Making Caring Common”. The report argues that the process schools use to choose students causes major problems.
David Hawkins， the Executive Director for Educational Policy， says that most colleges and universities require many things from students when they apply. Schools usually ask for an essay describing a students interests or why they want to study at that school. The schools also ask for letters from teachers or other responsible adults describing why a student is a good candidate. But， Hawkins says， the area that schools are most concerned with a students high school grades and standardized test results.
The report suggests that paying attention to academic success over other qualities works well for some students but hurts others. In addition， academic success is not the most important quality a student should have. More attention should be paid to showing whether or not a student wants to do good in the world. The report also suggests that schools should ask for evidence that students care about other people. Moving attention away from academic ability will make process less about competition， the report says. Students will feel less stress about meeting higher and higher expectation. But the report does have its critics. Bob Schaeffer， Public Education Director， said that every few years， someone makes the same argument for change. He said that no real change has happened yet and that even many of the schools that agree with the report still make no changes. “Many of the institutions that have supported the findings in the report are the very institutions that have the most competitive admission processes in the country，” Schaeffer said.
43. What is the problem of the admission process according to the report？
A. The schools ask social responsibilities from the applying students.
B. The schools attach importance to students academic records.
C. The number of students getting admitted is too small.
D. Admission officers only consider personal qualities.
44. Which of the following do colleges ask of applicants except ？
A. their reasons to attend the school.
B. a description of their interests.
C. recommendation letters from adults
D. evidence that students care about others
45. What does the authors attitude to the report of the admission process？
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful.
C. Neutral. D. Negative.
46. The critic， Bob Schaeffer， thinks that .
A. some schools dont do what they believe is right
B. the largest schools are expected to make changes first
C. not enough schools currently agree with the report
D. history has proved that all changes are good
D
There is no denying that some people live to be older than others. Followed are the standard explanations： keeping a moderate diet， engaging in regular exercise， etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity？ Are there any kinds of personalities contributing to longer lives？ A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at these questions by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
According to the study， those who live the longest are more outgoing， more active and less neurotic （神經质的）than other people. Longliving women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you I would expect from the evolutionary theory： those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly， however， other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more selfdisciplined， for instance， were no more likely to live to be very old. Also， being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life， which might explain all those badtempered old people who are fixed in their way. Were susceptible （易受影響的） to many cognitive biases （认知偏差）， one of which is known as the confirmation bias. Lets suppose you have a friend who doesnt believe in global warming. She gives stronger credit to news stories that support her beliefs while discounting evidence in support of the existence of global warming. The confirmation bias causes us to seek out things that confirm what we have already believed， but to ignore or discount anything that opposes our existing ideas. As a result， it can prevent us looking at situations objectively and can lead to bad or faulty choices.
When something bad happens， its only natural that we look for an underlying cause to blame. The problem is that we often place the blame on the wrong person， event， or object and frequently distort （歪曲） reality to protect our own selfesteem. Imagine for a moment that you just bombed an important test in your psychology class. Whos responsible for your failure？ You might explain away your poor performance by blaming situational factors or your instructor. However， if a classmate fails the test， youre likely to believe its because he didnt study， that he is lazy， or that hes just plain stupid. In psychology， this is whats known as the actorobserver bias. In daily life， the bias often leads to misunderstandings and even arguments.
There is simply so much going on in the world around us at any given moment that our brains cannot attend to every detail. As a result， we can sometimes completely miss major chances that happen right in front of our eyes. This is described as change blindness. Researchers suggest several different factors probably play a role in it. First， we have to deal with the limited resources available to us. If were busy concentrating on one thing， we simply have to tune out huge amounts of other information our brains cannot deal with. Second， our expectations play an important role. Would you expect a person to suddenly transform into somebody else while you were talking to him？ Of course not. Because of this， our brains simply arent accustomed to noticing such a strange shift.
Overall， your brain is capable of remarkable things， from remembering conversation you had with a dear friend to solving complex mathematical problems. But as youve seen it certainly isnt perfect. So what can you do？ Theres no way to avoid all of these potential problems， but being aware of some of the biases， perceptual （感知上的） shortcomings， and memory tricks that your brain is susceptible to can help. Ways your brain plays tricks on you
A fact about the human brainThe human brain is fantastic but 51 . For example， it can makes us forget things sometimes or become 52 to something important around us.
Three
psychological
53
influencing
your
judgment
The confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias that involves 54 information that confirms existing beliefs.
The bias can cause us to look at things 55 and even damage our ability to make right choices.
The actorobserver bias makes a person 56 his own actions to external causes but other peoples behaviors to internal causes.
It can make two sides 57 or even fall into arguments.
Change blindness refers to the failure to detect changes in 58 scenes.
Its occurrence is linked to different things including our expectations and our 59 to focus on many things.
Conclusion Though there exist some possible problems with our brains， having a（n） 60 of the limitations and patterns of our brains is helpful.
五、书面表达（满分25分）
请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
AI （artificial intelligence） has raised a widespread concern that it is making machines more powerful and efficient， shortening the list of current jobs that only a human can do. At the same time， some people are getting more optimistic about the outlook of having a robot at home to help share the burden， such as washing and cleaning. When it comes to do housework， most of Americans would like it better if someone else just did it for them.
[寫作内容]
1. 用30词概述文字的主要内容；
2. 用约120词阐述你对人工智能进入人类生活的看法，并用2～3个理由支撑你的看法。
[写作要求]
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
参考答案
一、1—5 DBCAA 6—10 ACBDB 11—15 BBDDD
二、16—20 ADBCB 21—25 CDAAB26—30 DDCBA 31—35 CACDB
三、36—40 CBDAD 41—45 CBBDC46—50 AADCB
四、51. imperfect 52. blind 53. factors 54. favoring 55. subjectively
56. owe 57. misunderstood 58. present / visual 59. inability / failure 60. knowledge
五、One possible version：
With the development of technology， AI like robots are coming for our current jobs. While some people show their concern about the issue， others consider it normal to have a robot in their homes.
Im totally in favor of owning robots in our daily life. First of all， they can perform tasks faster than humans with more accuracy. Whats more， they do not care about the comfort and security of their environment， therefore saving workers from boring and even dangerous tasks. Last but not least， they can work at a constant speed with no breaks and perform assignments at a steady high level.
To be honest， what we should really worry about is not the presence of robots themselves but the absence of necessary knowledge about them. Therefore， it is definitely wiser for people to become more familiar with our future helper rather than consider it a question of robots winning and humans losing. （154 words）
（作者：石勇，江苏省沭阳如东中学）