背景、内涵、外延是正确阅读、理解的三个关键性要素 ,背景影响写作素材的获得和作品的思想情感 ,同时 ,背景又具有偶然性和双向性特点 ,间接内涵是作品巨大魅力之所在 ,它具有单一和复合两种形式。把握外延的尺度是正确理解作品现实意义和历史意义的关键 The background, connotation and extension are the three key elements of correct reading and comprehension. The background influences the acquisition of the writing material and the thoughts and emotions of the artwork. At the same time, the background has the characteristics of chance and two-way. The indirect connotation is the great charm of the work. With a single and complex in both forms. Grasp the scale of extension is the key to correctly understand the practical significance and historical significance of the work