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合理地用材和选材是挖掘材料潜力的重要手段,同时又要抓住零件制造过程的各个环节以最大限度地节约金属材料。以下方面值得考虑: 1.提高金属质量:这是延长零件使用寿命的重要方法,也是节约钢材和合金的主要途径之一。在今后的十年中,苏联的电炉炼钢、吹氧转炉炼钢将进一步得到发展,其产量分别增长60%和30%。同时,激光冶炼和电渣重熔、真空电弧重熔、真空感应重熔和电子束重熔等工艺也将得到更大的发展。炉料中废钢铁的比例将大大增加,如电炉冶炼时,废钢占整个炉料重量的95%以上,由废钢冶炼的钢产量将超过总产量的
Reasonable use of timber and material selection is an important means to tap the potential of the material, but also to seize all parts of the manufacturing process in order to maximize the saving of metal materials. The following aspects worth considering: 1. Improve the quality of the metal: This is an important method to extend the service life of parts, but also one of the main ways to save steel and alloy. In the next ten years, the Soviet Union’s electric furnace steelmaking and oxygen-blowing converter steelmaking will further develop, with output up 60% and 30% respectively. At the same time, laser smelting and electroslag remelting, vacuum arc remelting, vacuum induction remelting and electron beam remelting process will also be greater development. The proportion of scrap steel in the charge will be greatly increased. For example, when smelting in an electric furnace, scrap accounts for more than 95% of the total weight of the charge, and the output of steel smelted from scrap will exceed the total output