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多年来,棉花育种工作落后于稻麦等其它作物,其原因之一是种质资源贫乏。通过远缘杂交,是获得新的种质、提高棉花丰产性能的途径之一,但由于棉花远缘杂交的孕性不好和后代不易稳定等问题,给育种工作带来了很大的困难,故往往收效甚微。目前,正研究采用单倍体育种技术,以提高育种效果。据国内外报导,利用单倍体人工创造新品系的方法,大致有两个途径。一是通过花药离体培养,以诱导单倍体植株;另一途径是通过无融合生殖产生单倍体。由于棉花花药培养难度大,因此,截止目前,国内外均未诱导出独立植株,而应用无融合生殖,即半配合的方式产生单倍体,在国外已见成效。本文《棉花单倍体的半配合产生》材料,系根据单倍体的遗传是与嵌合体的遗传,即是一种半配合的特殊受精现象产生的。作者详细地叙述了半配合的产生、转移、遗传及利用半配合产生单倍体植株,再经染色体加倍,就可以得到各种基因重组的、遗传性稳定的纯合新品系。利用这种方法,如抓紧时间进行温室加代,可望一、二年内见成效。这就为现代的棉花育种和缩短育种年限,提供了新的手段。
For many years cotton breeding has lagged behind other crops such as rice and wheat. One of the reasons for this is the lack of germplasm resources. Through distant hybridization, it is one of the ways to obtain new germplasm and improve cotton’s high yield performance. However, due to the poor pregnancy of cotton distant hybridization and the instability of future generations, great difficulties have been brought to breeding work. It is often ineffective. At present, we are studying the use of haploid breeding technology to improve the breeding effect. According to reports at home and abroad, the use of haploid artificial creation of new lines, there are roughly two ways. One is by in vitro culture of anther to induce haploid plants; the other way is haploid through apomixis. Due to the difficulty of culturing cotton anthers, so far, no independent plants have been induced at home and abroad. However, haploid plants are produced by apomixis in a semi-complex manner, and have achieved success abroad. In this paper, the “haploid cotton haplogenic” material, based on the haploid inheritance and chimerism is inherited, that is, a semi-complex with special fertilization phenomenon. The author described in detail the production, transfer, heredity and semi-coordination of haploid plants produced by semi-complexation, and then doubling the chromosomes to obtain a variety of genetically stable and homozygous stable new strains. Using this method, such as seize the time to add greenhouse, is expected to see results within one or two years. This has provided new tools for modern cotton breeding and shortening the breeding period.