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青海湖流域面积2.966万平方公里,其中湖面面积4282.3平方公里(1988年均值),耕地面积224.2平方公里,草场面积19349.4平方公里;流入青海湖大于5平方公里的河流有50多条,多年平均径流量为16.12亿立米(其中布哈河、沙柳河、哈尔盖河、乌哈阿兰河、黑马河五条主要河流集水面积17878平方公里,径流量13.385亿立米占总径流量的83％);多年平均降水量在250～500毫米之间,5～9月份的降水量与径流量占全年的85％以上;多年平均蒸发量在800～1100毫米之间,湖区年平均气温在-1.5℃～1.5℃之间,极端最低气温-31℃,湖面封冻期多在100～129之间,最大冰层0.5米;多年平均入湖泥沙量为49.8万吨。
Qinghai Lake basin area of 29600 square kilometers, of which 4282.3 square kilometers lake area (1988 average), 224.2 square kilometers of arable land, grassland area of 19349.4 square kilometers; into the Qinghai Lake more than 5 square kilometers of the river there are more than 50, the average annual diameter With a flow rate of 1.612 billion cubic meters (of which, the catchment area of the five main rivers of Buha River, Shaliuhe River, Halgohe River, Wuha’Alan River and Hema River is 17,878 square kilometers and the runoff volume is 1,338,500,000 cubic meters accounting for 83% of the total runoff) The annual average precipitation is between 250 and 500 mm, and the precipitation and runoff from May to September account for more than 85% of the whole year. The average annual evaporation is between 800 and 1100 mm, and the average annual temperature in the lake area is -1.5 ° C ~ 1.5 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature of -31 ℃, the lake freezing period of more than 100 to 129, the largest ice 0.5 meters; for many years the average amount of sediment into the lake 498,000 tons.