本文着重讨论创伤与手术后急性呼吸衰竭的诊断、病理改变及其治疗原则。合并慢性肺阻塞性病变者不包括在内。术后呼吸功能不良可由于麻醉药对呼吸中枢的抑制作用尚未消除,或神经肌肉阻滞作用未消退所致,此时可先选用纳洛酮或新斯的明等药物治疗,必要时用呼吸机,直至神经肌肉功能完全恢复。术后早期的呼吸衰竭还可由于气胸、气管插管位置不良、分泌物阻塞、支气管痉挛、输液过量的肺水肿等因素引起。术后肺功能不良的病理生理改变腹部及胸部大手术后,呼吸快而浅,肺容量小,咳嗽反射恢复不全。上腹部及胸部手术者, This article focuses on the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure after trauma and surgery, pathological changes and treatment principles. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are not included. Postoperative respiratory dysfunction can be due to narcotic effect of the respiratory center has not been eliminated, or the role of neuromuscular blockade has not subsided, this time may be the first choice of drugs such as naloxone or neostigmine, if necessary, breathing Machine, until the full recovery of neuromuscular function. Early postoperative respiratory failure can also be due to pneumothorax, tracheal intubation in poor position, secretions obstruction, bronchospasm, excessive infusion of pulmonary edema and other factors. Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction pathophysiological changes abdominal and chest surgery, fast and shallow breathing, lung capacity is small, cough reflex incomplete. Upper abdomen and chest surgery,