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目的分析万州区2012-2016年5岁以下儿童主要死亡原因,比较城乡儿童死亡率、死亡地点和死前是否接受治疗状况,为制定降低儿童死亡率的防治措施提供依据。方法按照国际疾病ICD-10标准进行死因分类,应用Excel2007和SPSS13.0进行统计分析。结果 2012-2016年万州区5岁以下儿童年平均死亡率为8.97‰,婴儿死亡占64.71%,1~5岁儿童死亡占35.29%,早产或低出生体重、先天性心脏病是婴儿的主要死因,溺水等意外伤害是1~5岁儿童的主要死因。农村5岁以下儿童年平均死亡率为12.11‰,城市为3.94‰,农村和城市5岁以下儿童死亡率、死亡地点和死前是否接受治疗状况经χ2检验差异有统计学意义。结论万州区应加强早产或低出生体重、先天性心脏病、溺水等意外伤害儿童死亡的防治,加大农村妇幼卫生投入,以降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。
Objective To analyze the main causes of death among children under 5 in Wanzhou District from 2012 to 2016, and to compare the urban and rural child mortality rates, the place of death and the status of death before treatment, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control measures to reduce the child mortality rate. Methods According to the ICD-10 standard of international disease, the cause of death was classified, and statistical analysis was made by Excel2007 and SPSS13.0. Results In 2012-2016, the average death rate of children under 5 years of age was 8.97 ‰ in Wanzhou District, 64.71% of which were infant deaths, 35.29% of children aged 1 to 5 years. Premature birth or low birth weight, congenital heart disease was the leading cause of death in infants , Drowning and other accidental injuries are the main cause of death in children aged 1 to 5 years. The average death rate of children under 5 in rural areas was 12.11 ‰ in urban areas and 3.94 ‰ in urban areas. There was significant difference between the death rates of children under 5 years of age in rural areas and urban areas and the status of death or death before and after treatment. Conclusion Wanzhou District should strengthen prevention and treatment of death from premature or low birth weight, congenital heart disease, drowning and other accidental injuries, and increase rural MCH investment to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age.