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一十八世纪中叶,英国经过了工业革命,已经成为一个资本主义最发展的国家,它需要向国外寻找市场和掠夺原料。当时的中国正是一个封建落后,而又地大、物博、人口众多的国家,成为英国侵略的对象。早在1637年(明崇祯十年),一队英国的武装商船在船长约翰·威得尔率领下来到中国,闯进珠江,占领了虎门炮台,抢走了要塞上的三十五尊大炮和江面上的三只中国船,放火烧了衙门。英国侵略者就是这样用
In the mid-18th century, after the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the most capitalist country in the world. It needed to look abroad for markets and plunder raw materials. At that time, China was just a country that was backward in feudalism, yet vast in scope, rich in material resources and rich in population, becoming the target of British aggression. As early as 1637 (ten years in Ming Chong Zhen), a group of British armed merchant ships came to China under the captain John Wedel, broke into the Pearl River, occupied the Humen Fort, and took away 35 cannons from the fort and Three Chinese ships on the river set fire to the Yamen. This is how the British invaders do