在人们看来,利用奖励与惩罚的手段来激励人的积极性是顺理成章的事。开明的管理者更多地立足于奖励来进行管理,而把惩罚看成是必要的辅助手段。为什么呢?第一,这与当代管理中的人本思想密切相关。本世纪五十年代以来,由于科学技术的发展和产业结构的变革,人在生产过程中的作用发生了根本的变化,人已经不再是单纯的体力劳动者,他们的工作越来越“脑力化”、“智力化”、“人的因素”的作用显得越来越突出,人 In people’s view, it is logical to use incentives and punishments to motivate people’s enthusiasm. Enlightened managers manage more based on rewards and treat punishment as an essential aid. Why? First, this is closely related to humanistic thinking in contemporary management. Since the 1950s, due to the development of science and technology and the transformation of industrial structure, the role of people in the production process has undergone a fundamental change. People are no longer simply physical workers, their work is increasingly “brain.” The role of “intellectualization,” “intellectualization,” and “human factors” has become more prominent.