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目的分析中国2011~2012年麻疹野病毒株代表株血溶素(Fusion,F)基因的分子特征。方法从2011~2012年各省(自治区、直辖市)送检的麻疹野病毒中,选取7株代表株,使用逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增病毒的F基因全长,并进行核苷酸序列测定,同时与我国的疫苗株进行核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分析及序列比对。结果我国2011~2012年7株麻疹野病毒代表株中,核苷酸同源性为97.9%~99.9%,氨基酸同源性为98.7%~100.0%;与中国疫苗株(Shanghai 191和Changchun 47)相比,核苷酸同源性为95.0%~95.6%,氨基酸同源性为96.3%~97.2%。F基因的三个糖基化位点(第32、64、70位氨基酸),对病毒融合功能具有重要作用的第112位精氨酸(Arg)、第195位亮氨酸(Leu)未发生改变。但与疫苗株相比,有17个氨基酸位点发生较大改变。结论我国2011~2012年流行的麻疹野病毒F基因无明显变异,F基因上已知的重要功能位点保守。推测近年来中国流行的麻疹野病毒F蛋白结构和功能未发生明显改变,抗原性稳定。然而鉴于F蛋白是麻疹病毒的重要功能蛋白,对F蛋白的变异规律进行常规监测,对于了解麻疹病毒的变异规律和评价疫苗的保护效率具有重要意义。
Objective To analyze the molecular characteristics of the fusion gene F (Fusion, F) gene of wild measles virus from 2011 to 2012 in China. Methods Seven representative strains of wild measles virus from each province (autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government) from 2011 to 2012 were selected to amplify the full-length F gene of the virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequence determination , At the same time with our vaccine strains nucleotide and amino acid homology analysis and sequence alignment. Results The nucleotide homologies of the seven strains of wild measles virus from 2011 to 2012 were 97.9% -99.9% and the amino acid identities were 98.7% -100.0%. In comparison with the Chinese vaccine strains (Shanghai 191 and Changchun 47) Compared with 95.0% ~ 95.6% nucleotide homology and 96.3% ~ 97.2% amino acid homology. The three glycosylation sites (amino acids 32, 64, 70) of the F gene, Arg 112 and Leu 195, which are important for viral fusion function, did not occur change. However, compared with the vaccine strain, there are 17 major changes in amino acid sites. Conclusion There was no significant variation in the F gene of wild measles virus from 2011 to 2012 in our country. The major known function sites of F gene were conserved. It is speculated that the structure and function of wild-type F protein of wild measles in China have not changed obviously in recent years, and the antigenicity is stable. However, since F protein is an important functional protein of measles virus, routine monitoring of the variation of F protein is of great significance for understanding the variation of measles virus and evaluating the protection efficiency of the vaccine.