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宋明理学主要包括程朱理学和陆明王心学,对明清四民观及其职业价值理念的转换和建构产生了重要的作用和影响。一、通过对理欲之辨的新阐释为治生伦理、特别是以商贾治生的伦理作了新的论证;二、其“体用一原”和“百姓日用即道”的思想建构起一种新的儒家治生伦理观,为商人等追求财富等提供了有力的伦理支持;三、其对宋明理学核心观念“天理”“良知”所作的新阐释,构建起儒贾并重和贾不负儒的新四民观;四、阳明学还明确阐释了“四民异业而同道”与“贾服儒行”的新四民观。不过,程朱理学和阳明心学对明清新四民观的转换和建构所发挥影响的时间和具体作用是有差异的。阳明心学极具思想解放性,极大冲击了传统四民观的思想藩篱,为新四民观的转换和建构扫清了障碍。程朱理学相对保守和持中,对心学极具解放性的四民观及其价值理念做了调适,使明清新四民观最终得以建构。
Neo-Confucianism mainly includes Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism and Lu Ming Wang Xin Xue, which played an important role and influence on the transformation and construction of the concept of four people and the value of their profession in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. First, through the new interpretation of the rational and rational discrimination ethics for governance, especially the ethics of business governance made a new argument; Second, the “body with a” and “To construct a new ethics of Confucianism and provide a strong ethical support for traders and other pursuits of wealth. Third, the new ethics of” truth “,” conscience " Clarify and construct a new four-people concept of democracy that takes both Confucianism and Jia and embrace Confucianism and Confucianism; However, there are differences between the time and the specific role of Cheng Zhu and Yang Ming in studying the impact of the transformation and construction of the New Fourth People’s Outlook in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Yangming’s school of thought is highly ideological and emancipation, which greatly shocked the ideological barriers of the traditional concept of four people and cleared the obstacles for the transformation and construction of the New Fourth People’s Outlook. Cheng and Zhu Neo-Confucianism is relatively conservative and holding, and has made adjustments to the concept of the Four People’s Ministries of Mind and its value philosophy, which have great liberation in psychology, so that the concept of the new four people in Ming and Qing Dynasties can finally be constructed.