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为了有效地保护野大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.)并制定合理的居群取样策略,对上海江湾机场的一个天然野大豆居群进行了100个单株(个体)的随机取样,并用ISSR分子标记对其进行了遗传多样性分析。利用筛选出的15条ISSR引物在这个居群中检测到较高的遗传变异,样本内个体间的相似系数变化在0.17～0.89之间。居群内平均每个位点的平均预期杂合度(He)为0.1714,香农指数(I)为0.2714。PCA分析显示,江湾野大豆居群内的遗传变异不是呈均匀分布,而是呈丛状分布。该野大豆居群遗传多样性和样本内个体数量间的相关性分析显示:在个体数少于40的情况下,遗传多样性随个体数的增加而迅速增加;当样本中的个体数大于40时,遗传多样性的增加减慢并很快趋于饱和。研究表明:对野大豆居群进行异地保护时,对各居群的采样植株数不应当低于35～45;在居群内采样时,所采集的个体之间最好相隔一定的空间距离。
In order to effectively protect Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc. And to develop a reasonable population sampling strategy, 100 individual (individual) individuals were randomly sampled from a native wild soybean population at Shanghai’s Jiangwan Airport using ISSR molecular markers for genetic diversity analysis. Fifteen ISSR primers were selected to detect high genetic variation in this population. The similarity coefficient between individuals in the sample ranged from 0.17 to 0.89. The average expected heterozygosity (He) for each locus in the population was 0.1714, and the Shannon index (I) was 0.2714. PCA analysis showed that the genetic variation in Jiangwan wild soybean population was not uniform distribution, but plexiform distribution. The correlation analysis between the genetic diversity of wild soybean population and the number of individuals in the sample showed that when the number of individuals is less than 40, the genetic diversity increases rapidly with the increase of individuals. When the number of individuals in the sample is more than 40 , The increase in genetic diversity slows down and quickly becomes saturated. The results show that when the wild soybean population is protected in different places, the number of sampled plants for each population should not be less than 35-45. When sampling within the population, the individuals collected should preferably be separated by a certain distance.