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目的 分析2014-2018年全国法定报告流行性感冒(简称“流感”)确诊发病和死亡病例的特征,为流感监测和病例诊治提供依据.方法 对全国法定报告传染病信息系统报告的发病日期在2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日的流感病例数据进行描述分析.结果 2014-2018年,全国共报告流感病例数1 939 842例,包括631 434例确诊病例和1 299 798例临床诊断病例,其中死亡病例为301例(确诊病例253例,临床诊断病例48例).确诊病例中0～4岁儿童报告发病数最多,为225 184例(35.66％),≥65岁组报告发病数最少,为34 071例(5.40％);确诊死亡病例集中在18～49岁和≥65岁组,分别为90例(35.02％)与72例(28.02％),最低为5～17岁组,报告19例(7.39％).确诊死亡病例的发病至确诊时间间隔中位数为6(3,10)d,长于确诊存活病例的3(1,7)d.西部地区确诊存活病例的发病-确诊时间间隔中位数为6(2,11)d,长于东部的2(1,6)d和中部的3(1,7)d;2014-2018年间隔中位数从4(1,8)d缩短至2(1,5)d.确诊病例中流感病毒感染集中在≤17岁儿童,其中乙型流感构成比高;确诊死亡病例中甲型H1N1感染占79.20％(103/130).结论 以中国人口和WHO发布的流感罹患及死亡数据进行推算,我国每年法定报告的流感发病和死亡病例数远低于公认的流感发病和死亡水平.流感高危人群一旦出现流感样症状,应尽早开展实验室检测并实施针对性的治疗,以降低出现严重结局的风险.“,”Objective To analyze the characteristics of reported confirmed notifiable influenza cases and deaths from 2014 to 2018,so as to provide scientific evidences for surveillance and diagnosis of influenza cases.Methods Descriptive analysis was performed for the data of influenza cases with the onset dates within the period between January 1,2014 and December 31,2018 collected from the National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting System.Results A total of 1 939 842 influenza cases were reported nationwide from 2014 to 2018,including 631 434 confirmed cases and 1 299 798 clinically diagnosed cases,of which 301 cases died (253 confirmed cases and 48 clinically diagnosed cases).The highest number of confirmed influenza cases was reported among children aged 0-4 years old (225 184 cases) and the lowest was among the elderly aged ≥65 years old (34 071 cases),accounted for 35.66％and 5.40％,respectively.The confirmed deaths mainly distributed among those aged 18-49 years old with 90 cases (35.02％) and the elderly ≥65 years old with 72 cases (28.02％).Nineteen cases (7.39 ％)of confirmed deaths were reported among patients of 5-17 years old and was the lowest.The median of interval between onset and diagnosis (MIOD) of confirmed deaths is 6 (3,10) days,which was longer than the 3 (1,7) days of confirmed survival cases.The MIOD in the Western Region was 6 (2,11) days,which was longer than 2 (1,6) days in the East Region and 3 (1,7) days in the Middle Region.From 2014 to 2018,the MIOD was shortened from 4 (1,8) to 2 (1,5) days.Most influenza virus infected children aged ≤ 17 years old and more influenza B than influenza A were detected in children.For the confirmed death cases,79.20％ (103/130) were infected by influenza A (H1N1) virus.Conclusions According to the general population of China,the data of influenza incidence and deaths released by the WHO,the notifiable influenza morbidity and deaths were far lower than the well-recognized level in China.For the high risk group of serious influenza complications,once having influenza-like symptoms,laboratory testing should be performed for effective treatment to reduce the risk of serious outcomes.