学科理论是根据本学科的特征和规律总结出来,又指导和推动本学科发展的理论知识。在中国考古学近百年的历程中,借鉴和自身总结的考古学方法论,对考古学实践和研究发挥了重要的指导和推动作用,中国考古学也由此取得了举世瞩目的成就。同时我们也应该看到,在考古实践和研究中,也存在一些有悖于考古学理论的现象,这对保证考古实践的质量、提高研究成果也是有影响的。本文即根据笔者自身的体会,就考古实 Disciplinary theory is summarized according to the characteristics and laws of the discipline, and it also guides and promotes the theoretical knowledge of the discipline development. In the course of nearly a century of Chinese archeology, archeology methodology borrowed and summarized by itself has played an important guiding and promoting role in archeological practice and research. As a result, Chinese archeology has made remarkable achievements. At the same time, we should also see that there are some phenomena that are contrary to the archaeological theory in the practice and study of archeology, which have an impact on the quality of archeological practice and the improvement of the research results. This article is based on the author’s own experience, the archeology